Urinary system disorders p 304

Question 1

Urinary system functions

Answer 1

• regulation of blood volume and composition
• regulation of blood pressure
• glucose synthesis
• excretion of waste products in urine

All of these functions are carried out by the kidneys.
the other organs provide transport fo the storage and excretion of urine.

Question 2

urinary system is made up of :

Answer 2

two kidneys
two ureters
a bladder
urethra

Question 3

Urinary system

Question 4

kidney

Answer 4

Question 5

Kidney

Answer 5

The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.
Nephron consits of renal cruscle and renal tube .
renal tube is split into three section: proximal convoluted tube (PCT) loop of Henle and distal Convoluted Tube (DCT).
Blood enters the renal corpusle from the afferent arteriole. .
Filtred fluid passes through the PCT, 65 % water and all of the glucose, amino and actic acids , water solube vitamins are reabasrobed back into the blood.
The remiander travels int the loop of Henle , where futher 15% of water, sodium , calcium , bicarbonate and chloride are reabsorbed.

Futher reabsorption take a place idn DCT, .
90% of filtered water and solutes have been reabsorbed back into the blood.

Question 6

UTI sign and symptoms

Answer 6

Dysuria - pain or burning sensation when urinating
Frequency: urinating more often
Urgency: arge to pass urine , unable to hold on until pt each a toilet , urge incontinence results

Haematuria (blood in the urine)
Offensive smell
New onset of confusion or incontinence ( eldery patients)

Question 7

Infants and children UTI

Answer 7

history of fever,
irritability
vomiting

Question 8

Upper UTI : Pyelonephrisis

Answer 8

upper UTI present with loin to groin pain on the affected side,
some pt may complain of back pain,
pain is often colcky nad shar in nature, with pt struggling to get confortable and so are restless.

Costovertebal angle (on 12 rib and spine) tenderness
Haematuria
fever
rigors and profuse sweating

Question 9

UTI mangement

Answer 9

anti-bicrobal drugs
trup to ED
acute pyelonephiritis can be treated in the community unless pt has nausea and vomiting

Question 10

Children UTI management

Answer 10

under age of 3 months- hospital for review
under 3 years - sample sent for culture, ED or antybiotic

Question 11

Renal dialysis types

Answer 11

1. Peritoneal dialysis - tube in pt peritoneal cavity through the abdoment , with fluid : dialysate
2. haemodialysis - pumping blood out of the pt to dialyser