Anaphylaxis (p 279)

Question 1

ANAPHYLAXIS

Answer 1

a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and is life threating

Question 2

Two types/ of cells affected in anaphylaxis reactions

Answer 2

1.1Basophilis : white cells realise heparin, histamine, serotonin, intensifying the inflammatory reaction.
2. Mast: connective tissue cells, for example: the skin, oral mucosa ( lips and tongue), conjunctiva, lungs, digestive tract.

Question 3

Anaphylaxis signs and symptoms

Answer 3

1. Acute onset with involving of the skin and /or mucosa tissue ( generalised urticaria, pruritus or flushing, swollen lips/ tongue/uvula = angioedema
   -Respiratory compromise ( dib, bronchospasm, straidor)
   -Reduced blood pressure or associated symptoms of end organ dysfunction such as collapse.
2. Two or more of:
   -involvement of the skin/ mucosal tissue
   - respiratory compromise
   - reduced BP or associated symptoms
   - persistent gastrointestinal symptoms such as: crampy abdo pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
3. Rapid onset of reduced bp

Question 4

Anaphylaxis management

Answer 4

ABCDE assessment
Identify the trigger and remove it
Lie pt flat, legg raised unless unable
Gibe IM adren 0.5 in 5 min intervals ( thigh more recommended than deltoid)
OXYGEN 15l
Neutraliser salbutamol if required / ipratropium
( Para, fluids, antihistaminesand hydrocortisone)