Urinary system disorders Flashcards
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection in one or more structures of the urinary tract; caused by germ-negative bacteria
hematuria
blood in the urine
dysuria
painful urination
anuria
no urine production at all
nephrolithiasis
abnormal condition referred to as KIDNEY STONES
nephr/o
kidney
vesic/o
urinary bladder
ureter/o
ureter
alburminuria
abnormal presence of protein (albumin/o) in the urine
glycosuria
associated with diabetes; abnormal condition of glucose/sugar (glycos/o) in the urine
uremia
high levels of urea in the blood
acute renal failure (ACF)
condition in which the kidneys (ren/o) stop functioning and producing urine
chronic renal failure (CRF)
loss of kidney function is slower and more progressive than ACF
chronic kidney disease (CKD)
affects multiple body systems;
Urinalysis (UA)
urine specimen is analyzed in the lab
creatinine clearance tests (C,cr)
measures the rate at which creatinine concentration in the blood sample is excreted in the urine over a 24 hr period
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
how much filtration occurs in kidneys per minute; use creatinine rates to determine GFR; used to document stages of kidney disease
Urography
x-ray/radiologic, imagining of the urinary tract after injecting contrast material
pyelography
an x-ray (urography) of the entire renal pelvis (pyel/o)
retrograde pyelogram (RP)
use of radioisotope study reveals the presence of obstruction in the kidney using contrast medium via catheter into the urethra and bladder; images taken of the urethra, bladder and ureters
Cystoscopy
most common diagnostic procedure for urinary disorders; involves the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a specialized endoscope = cystoscope
cystoscope
instrument used to view the urinary bladder
Lithotripsy
treats kidney stones; shock waves crush (tripsy-) the stones for easier eventual passage from body with urine; aka extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Renal failure
kidneys fail to excrete urine
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test
test used to determine the amounts of urea, nitrogen, that have accumulated in the blood (uremia)
Kidney, ureter, and bladder (KUB) imaging series (urogram)
can demo the kidneys in relation to other organs in the abdominopelvic region; used with MRI
extracorporeal
refers to outside the body
dialysis
removing wastes from the blood by machine when kidneys can no longer seperate nitrogenous waste material from bloodstream
Hemodialysis (HD)
1/2 method of dialysis; use of an artificial kidney machine
peritoneal dialysis
1/2 methods of dialysis; involves the introduction of a peritoneal catheter and a special solution into the abdomen; wastes pass into the fluid from the bloodstream and are then drained from the body
continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)
most extensive form of dialysis; indwelling catheter permits fluid to drain into and out of the peritoneal cavity to cleanse the blood
renal transplant
for patient with end stage renal disease (renal failure); this is the implantation of a donor kidney
voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)/ cystogram
x-ray image of bladder and urethra taken when bladder is filled with contrast and while patient is expelling urine
Urinary catherterization
a catheter is passed through urethra and into bladder for short/long-term drainage of urine
