musculoskeletal system disorders Flashcards
chondr/o
cartilage
crani/o
skull
myel/o
bone marrow
athro/o
joint
arthritis
inflammatory disease of the joints
sclerosis of the joint
type of arthritis; hardening of the joint; ie. sacroiliac joint (hip and vertebrae); involves the bending/stiffness in the joints
spondyl/o
relationship to vertebrae
ankyl/o
bending/stiffness in joints
ankylosing spondylitis (aka rheumatoid sondylitis or Marie-Strumpell disease)
arthritis with stiffening (ankylosis) of joints, primarily of the spine and hip
Rheumatoid Arthritis
chronic inflammation of the joints; pain swelling and stiffening, especially in the small joints of the hands and feet (rheumat/o= flowing)
gouty arthritis (gout)
inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid; “gout”
osteoporosis
decrease in bone (oste/o) density with thinning (-porosis= condition of spaces) and weakening of bone
carpal tunnel syndrome
repetitive motion injuries; median nerve is squeezed and constricted by the wrist (carp/o) ligament; burning and numbness in fingers and hands
muscular dystrophy (MD)
inherited muscle disorder; progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers; generally begins soon after birth
Herniated disk
protruding disk’s pressure on spinal nerves; causes excruciating pain
arthrography
x-ray imaging of the joints
Range of Motion (ROM test)
test of joints; physician maneuvers a joint to assess flexibility or stiffness
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
measures rate at which RBCs fall to the bottom of a test tube; helps to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis
Uric acid test
used to measure uric acid levels
Bone scan
involves the IV injection of radioactive substances into bone to measure its uptake using a special scanning device
bone density test
uses low-energy xrays of skeleton to detect areas of bone deficiency
disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)
drug used to treat rheumatoid arthritis
arthrocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint; relieves some pain from fluid buildup
Laminectomy
treats chronic disk herniation; removing all or part of protruding disk
endoscopic diskectomy
less invasive treatment for disk herniation; removal of disk by aspirating it through a tube inserted in the skin
microscopic diskectomy
treatment of disk herniation; requires incision of only 1-2inches long
Arthroplasty
surgical repair of the joint
total hip athroplasty
femoral head and acetabulum are replaced with prostheses that are cemented into the bone
physical therapy (PT)
treatment of disorders by means of physical methods; (therapeutic exercises, massage, heat and cold app…) to regain ROM (range of motion)
Antinuclear antibody test (ANA)
test where sample of plasma is tested for presence of antibodies found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
calcium level
measures amount of Ca2+ in sample of blood; evaluate diseases of bone
Electromyography (EMG)
recording of the strength of muscle contraction resulting from electrical stimulation
