Urinary System

Question 1

Name the 6 structures of the urinary system.

Answer 1

1. 2 kidneys
2. 2 ureters
3. 1 urinary bladder
4. 1 urethra

Question 2

what are the three layers that protect ad support the kidneys?

Answer 2

1. fibrous capsule
2. perirenal fat capsule
3. renal fascia

Question 3

Name the parts of the renal corpuscles.

Answer 3

1. glomerulus
2. Bowmans Capsule
   - outer = simple squamous
   - inner = podocytes
3. filtration membrane
   - glomerular endothelium - simple squamous with pores = fenestrations
   - basement membranes
   - podocytes

Question 4

4 aspects of the renal tubules.

Answer 4

1. proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) - in the cortex
2. Loop of Henle - descending and ascending limbs in the medulla
3. distal convoluted tubules (DCT) - in the cortex
4. collecting ducts - in cortex and medulla
   - connect nephrons to ureter via calyces and renal pelvis

Question 5

Kidney and nephron blood supply:

Answer 5

aorta - renal arteries - segmental arteries - interlobar arteries (up columns) - arcuate arteries (medulla/cortex junction) - cortical radiate arteries - afferent arteriole - glomerulus - efferent arteriole

• peritubular capillaries ( cortex).
  - vasa recta (capillaries in medulla nephrons)
• cortical radiate veins
• arcuate veins
• interlobar veins
• renal veins
• inferior vena cava

Question 6

Describe the different histological layers of the ureter.

Answer 6

• mucosa - transitional epithelium
• muscularis externa - 3 layers of smooth muscle
• adventitia/serosa - retreoperitoneal

Question 7

true or false; the histology of the ureter and urinary bladder is quite similar.

Answer 7

True!

Question 8

How many sphincters are there in the urethra?

Answer 8

2

internal and external

Question 9

Filtrate movement.

Answer 9

Several DCTs - collecting ducts - minor calyx - major calyx - renal pelvis - ureter - urinary bladder - urethra