Nervous System

Question 1

What are the two divisions of the nervous system of the human body?

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (CNS) which encapsulates the brain and the spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) which is all the nerves stemming from the central nervous system
- has two divisions in it still: Afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)

Question 2

Describe the structure of a neuron.

Answer 2

a. Cell body - typical organelles, RER called nissl bodies
groups and clusters in CNS called nuclei (grey matter) and groups in PNS called ganglia

b. processes from cell body: dendrites - receives messages, axon - carries impulse away from cell body,
- if axon is myelinated the cells are schwann cells in PNS and oligodendrocytes in CNS

Question 3

Name and describe the 6 different types of glial cells in the body and where they are found.

Answer 3

1. oligodendrocytes - CNS - produce myelin
2. Microglia - CNS - protective can become phagocytic
3. Astrocytes - CNS - surround blood capillaries to form part of blood-brain barrier
4. Ependymal cells - CNS - neural epithelium
5. Schwann cells - PNS - form myelin sheath
6. Satellite cells - PNS - protection and support

Question 4

what are the three structural types of neurons

Answer 4

1. unipolar
2. bipolar
3. multipolar