Histology Flashcards
What is histology?
The study of tissues.
Name the four main tissue types and a descriptive word for each.
- Epithelial Tissue - lining
- Connective Tissue - connecting
- Muscle Tissue - contractile
- Nervous Tissue - signaling
Name the cell junction:
Partial fusion of specific proteins on the lateral surface of the cell membrane. Form ring-like tight seals. Prevent material from passing between cells.
Tight Junction
Name the cell junction:
Rivets created by proteins that hold cells together or cells to the extracellular matrix.
Anchoring Junctions
Name the cell junction:
Open channels between cells that allow the flow of ions and small molecules to move freely from cell to cell. Important in cardiac and smooth muscle due to the synchronization of contractions.
Gap junctions
T or F: Epithelial Tissue is vascular
False
Describe what a basement membrane is.
A basement membrane is both connective and epithelial tissue and it acts like velcro to fasten the two tissue types together.
Name the six overall classifications of epithelial cells
- Simple - one layer of cells
- stratified - multiple layers of cells
- pseudostratified epithelia - looks stratified but is simple
- Transitional Epithelial - cell shape varies with stretching (i.e. cuboidal to squamous when stretched)
- Glandular epithelium - there are two types of glands; exocrine and endocrine. Exocrine secretes fluids onto the body cavity/surface. They can be singular such as goblet cells that secrete mucus as lubricant or multicellular such as sudoriferous (sweat), sebaceous (oil), or mammary (milk). While endocrine secretes hormones directly into the blood, ie. thyroid glands.
What are the three functions of epithelial tissue?
- Protection
- Secretion
- Control or Permeability
Name the three divisions of connective tissue cells.
- -blast, creates matrix
- -cyte, maintains matrix
- -clast, breaks down matrix
What composes the connective tissue matrix?
- Fibers (proteins)
- collagen fibers
- elastic fibers
- reticular fibers (part of basement membrane) - Ground substance
- unstructured material surrounding extracellular fibers and cells
- composed of water, proteins, proteoglycans
Which type of connective tissue is described:
Loosely arranged collagen and elastic fibers, surrounded by ground substance and is highly vascular.
Loose connective tissue: Areolar
Which type of connective tissue is described:
Strange looking cells with a very large central venule that holds triglycerides, and is highly vascular.
Loose connective tissue: Adipose
Which type of connective tissue is described:
Little ground substance and poorly vascular with collagen fibers running in the same direction.
Dense connective tissue: Dense Regular
Which type of connective tissue is described:
Little ground substance and poorly vascular with collagen fibers arranged irregularly.
Dense connective tissue: Dense Irregular
