Endocrine System Flashcards
1
Q
Name the three hormone classes and their subdivisions.
A
- steroids - synthesized from cholesterol
- Hormones derived from amino acids
- Peptides and protein hormones - chains of amino acids held together by peptide bonds
2
Q
What are glands that are specifically from endocrine function and no other use to the body?
A
- pituitary gland - suspended from the hypothalamus - sella turcica
- 2 lobes:
- —–Anterior pituitary
- epithelial tissue, secretion regulated by hormones released from the hypothalamus
- Growth hormone (GH), Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Prolactin (PRL)
- —- Posterior pituitary
- nervous tissue - extension of hypothalamus
- - hormones produced in hypothalamus but secreted by the posterior pituitary: Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - Thyroid gland - anterior portion of superior trachea
- follicles produced mainly T4; activated in other tissues to T3
- parafollicular cells secrete calcitonin - uptake of calcium out of the blood and into bone matrix - Parathyroid glands
- 4 glands embedded in posterior thyroid secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) - Adrenal glands - superior surface of kidney
- secretes only steroids
- 3 layers:
- Zona glomerulosa - secretes mineralocorticoids, mainly aldosterone
- Zona fasciculata - secretes glucocorticoids, long-term stress hormone
- Zona reticularis - secretes androgens
3
Q
Name as many organs as you can that have some sort of endocrine function
A
- Pancreatic islets of Langerhans:
- alpha-cells: produce glucagon: raises glucose
- beta-cells: produce insulin: decreases glucose - hypothalamus
- regulates anterior pituitary by producing
- GHRH= growth hormone-releasing hormone
- GHIH = Growth Hormone release inhibiting hormone
- GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone (for LS and FSH) - Gonads
- duodenum
- kidneys
- skin
- heart
- etc…
