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Anatomy & Physiology 165 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

The principal organ of the urinary system

A

Kidneys

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2
Q

The job of the kidneys

A

Cleansing of the blood of the toxins
Adjust the water content of blood
Tweak the levels of sodium and potassium
Adjust PH levels
Play a role in the regulation of blood pressure and the production of RBcS

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3
Q

Consists of the kidneys ureters, urinary bladder, urethera

A

Urinary system

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4
Q

The process of eliminating wastes from the body

A

Excretion

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5
Q

The organ systems that perform excretory processes

A
  1. Resp
  2. integumentary
  3. digestive
  4. urinary
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6
Q

Posterior to the parietal peritoneum

A

Retroperitoneal

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7
Q

Where do the kidneys lie

A

Against the posterior abdominal wall underneath the 12th rib

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8
Q

When the blood vessels, ureters, and nerves enter and leave the kidney through a slit.
Located in a concave notch on the medial side

A

Hilum

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9
Q

Forms the outer region of the kidneys and is the site of urine production

A

Renal cortex

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10
Q

Forms the inner region of the kidney and is the site of urine collection

A

Renal medulla

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11
Q

A tube like structure that channels urine to the urinary bladder

A

Ureter

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12
Q

The kidney receives blood supply via the

A

Renal artery- which branches off the abnormal aorta

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13
Q

Blood leaves the kidney via

A

Renal vein which empties into the inferior vena cava

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14
Q

The filtration units of the kidneys. Loops from the renal cortex into the renal medulla and back up to the cortex

A

Nephrons

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15
Q

A cluster of arteriolar branches of caprilles

A

Glomerulus

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16
Q

Nerves that enter the kidneys may stimulate this hormone which triggers the processes for restoring blood pressure

A

Renin

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17
Q

2 components of nephrons

A
  1. Renal corpuscle

2. renal tubule

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18
Q

Consists of the glomerulus and bow mans capsule

A

Renal capsule

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19
Q

Leading away from the glomerulus are a series of tube like structures

A

Renal tubule

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20
Q

Renal tubules four structures

A
  1. Proximal convoluted tubule
  2. loop of Henle ( descending and ascending limb )
  3. Distal convoluted tubule
  4. collecting duct
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21
Q

The creation of urine involves three processes

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular reabsoroption
  3. tubular secretion
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22
Q

Water and small salutes filter out of the blood and into the surrounding space of the Bowmans capsule. Blood flows into the glomerulus through the afferent arteries

A

Glomerular filtration

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23
Q

The amount of fluid that has filtered out by both kidneys

A

Glomerular filtration rate

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24
Q

The presence of protein in the urine from damaged endothelium of the glomerular capillaries

A

Proteinuria

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25
The common cause of kidney damage and kidney failure
Hypertension
26
The key mechanism for maintaining blood pressure and steady GFR
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
27
Additional chemicals are removed from the filtrate and returned to the blood in the renal tubules
Tubular reabsorption
28
Other chemicals are added in the renal tubules
Renal secretion
29
Most of the water, electrolytes and nurtients are reabsorbed in which part of the tubule
Proximal by active and passive transport
30
What is one of the body's most valuable nutrient ?
Glucose
31
Which chemicals and molecules filter into the blood stream from proximal tubule ?
- sodium - water - glucose - amino acids - chloride - potassium - bicarbonate
32
Which wastes secrete into the proximal tubule?
Ammonia, Uric acid, drugs
33
Hormones that affect the urinary system via the distal tubule of the nephron
- aldosterone - aNP - ADH - PTH
34
What affect does aldosterone have on the kidney?
Reabosrobs Nacl and water, excretes Potassium | -increases blood volume and pressure
35
What affect does ANP have on the kidney?
Excretes nacl and water | -decreases blood volume and pressure
36
What affect does ADH have on the kidney?
Reabsorbs water | Increase blood volume and BP
37
What affect does the PTH have on the kidney
Reaborbs calcium and excretes phosphate | -no effect on blood volume or pressure
38
Passage of large amount of urine
Diuresis
39
What dissolve substances are excreted in urine
- nitrogenous wastes ( urea, Uric acid, ammonia, creatinine) | - salutes (sodium, potassium and sulfates)
40
A high serum creatinine indicates what
Low GFR and poor kidney function
41
A by product of the breakdown of hemoglobin in worn out RBC and gives urine its colour
Urochrome
42
Urine output of less than 400ml a day and is insufficient for clearing out waste products from the body
Oliguria
43
Serve as passageways for conducting urine away from the kidneys and out of the body
Ureters and urethra
44
Stores urine until it can be eliminated
Bladder
45
In women it resides in front of the vagina and uterus and in men it rests on top of the prostate gland
Bladder
46
Renal calculi
Kidney stones
47
When a stone remains lodged, urine may back up to the kidney
Hydronephrosis
48
Micturition
Urination
49
Results when extensive number of nephrons have been destroyed through disease or injury,impairing the ability of the kidneys to function
Renal insufficiency - renal failure
50
Two forms of dialysis
1. hemodialysis | 2. peritoneal dialysis
51
Blood is pumped from the patients radial artery to a dialysis matching
Hemodialysis
52
The peritoneum serves as the semi permeable membrane, dialysis is introduced into the peritoneal cavity thought a catheter
Peritoneal cavity
53
The cluster of capillaries in the nephron is the
Glomerulus
54
The location where blood vessels, nerves and the ureter enter and leave the kidney is the
Hilum
55
The portion of the nephron in charge of making urine is the
Renal tubukle
56
Most sodium is reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate in the
Proximal convoluted tubule
57
Which of the following substances should never be found in the urine
Glucose
58
The hormone aldosterone
Causes distal convoluted tubule to reabsorb more sodium which leads to water retention and a rise in blood pressure
59
Many diuretics work by blocking tubular reabsportion of
Sodium
60
In women the ____ is shorter than it is in men which contributes to the higher incidence of urinary tract infections in women
Urethera
61
Urination occurs when
The bladder contacts and the external urethral sphincter relaxes
62
A triangular shaped smooth area on the floor of the bladder is called the
Trigone

Anatomy & Physiology 165 (12 decks)

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