Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology 165 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

The principal organ of the urinary system

A

Kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The job of the kidneys

A

Cleansing of the blood of the toxins
Adjust the water content of blood
Tweak the levels of sodium and potassium
Adjust PH levels
Play a role in the regulation of blood pressure and the production of RBcS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Consists of the kidneys ureters, urinary bladder, urethera

A

Urinary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The process of eliminating wastes from the body

A

Excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The organ systems that perform excretory processes

A
  1. Resp
  2. integumentary
  3. digestive
  4. urinary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Posterior to the parietal peritoneum

A

Retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do the kidneys lie

A

Against the posterior abdominal wall underneath the 12th rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When the blood vessels, ureters, and nerves enter and leave the kidney through a slit.
Located in a concave notch on the medial side

A

Hilum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Forms the outer region of the kidneys and is the site of urine production

A

Renal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Forms the inner region of the kidney and is the site of urine collection

A

Renal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A tube like structure that channels urine to the urinary bladder

A

Ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The kidney receives blood supply via the

A

Renal artery- which branches off the abnormal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood leaves the kidney via

A

Renal vein which empties into the inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The filtration units of the kidneys. Loops from the renal cortex into the renal medulla and back up to the cortex

A

Nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A cluster of arteriolar branches of caprilles

A

Glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nerves that enter the kidneys may stimulate this hormone which triggers the processes for restoring blood pressure

A

Renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2 components of nephrons

A
  1. Renal corpuscle

2. renal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Consists of the glomerulus and bow mans capsule

A

Renal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Leading away from the glomerulus are a series of tube like structures

A

Renal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Renal tubules four structures

A
  1. Proximal convoluted tubule
  2. loop of Henle ( descending and ascending limb )
  3. Distal convoluted tubule
  4. collecting duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The creation of urine involves three processes

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular reabsoroption
  3. tubular secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Water and small salutes filter out of the blood and into the surrounding space of the Bowmans capsule. Blood flows into the glomerulus through the afferent arteries

A

Glomerular filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The amount of fluid that has filtered out by both kidneys

A

Glomerular filtration rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The presence of protein in the urine from damaged endothelium of the glomerular capillaries

A

Proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The common cause of kidney damage and kidney failure

A

Hypertension

26
Q

The key mechanism for maintaining blood pressure and steady GFR

A

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

27
Q

Additional chemicals are removed from the filtrate and returned to the blood in the renal tubules

A

Tubular reabsorption

28
Q

Other chemicals are added in the renal tubules

A

Renal secretion

29
Q

Most of the water, electrolytes and nurtients are reabsorbed in which part of the tubule

A

Proximal by active and passive transport

30
Q

What is one of the body’s most valuable nutrient ?

A

Glucose

31
Q

Which chemicals and molecules filter into the blood stream from proximal tubule ?

A
  • sodium
  • water
  • glucose
  • amino acids
  • chloride
  • potassium
  • bicarbonate
32
Q

Which wastes secrete into the proximal tubule?

A

Ammonia, Uric acid, drugs

33
Q

Hormones that affect the urinary system via the distal tubule of the nephron

A
  • aldosterone
  • aNP
  • ADH
  • PTH
34
Q

What affect does aldosterone have on the kidney?

A

Reabosrobs Nacl and water, excretes Potassium

-increases blood volume and pressure

35
Q

What affect does ANP have on the kidney?

A

Excretes nacl and water

-decreases blood volume and pressure

36
Q

What affect does ADH have on the kidney?

A

Reabsorbs water

Increase blood volume and BP

37
Q

What affect does the PTH have on the kidney

A

Reaborbs calcium and excretes phosphate

-no effect on blood volume or pressure

38
Q

Passage of large amount of urine

A

Diuresis

39
Q

What dissolve substances are excreted in urine

A
  • nitrogenous wastes ( urea, Uric acid, ammonia, creatinine)

- salutes (sodium, potassium and sulfates)

40
Q

A high serum creatinine indicates what

A

Low GFR and poor kidney function

41
Q

A by product of the breakdown of hemoglobin in worn out RBC and gives urine its colour

A

Urochrome

42
Q

Urine output of less than 400ml a day and is insufficient for clearing out waste products from the body

A

Oliguria

43
Q

Serve as passageways for conducting urine away from the kidneys and out of the body

A

Ureters and urethra

44
Q

Stores urine until it can be eliminated

A

Bladder

45
Q

In women it resides in front of the vagina and uterus and in men it rests on top of the prostate gland

A

Bladder

46
Q

Renal calculi

A

Kidney stones

47
Q

When a stone remains lodged, urine may back up to the kidney

A

Hydronephrosis

48
Q

Micturition

A

Urination

49
Q

Results when extensive number of nephrons have been destroyed through disease or injury,impairing the ability of the kidneys to function

A

Renal insufficiency - renal failure

50
Q

Two forms of dialysis

A
  1. hemodialysis

2. peritoneal dialysis

51
Q

Blood is pumped from the patients radial artery to a dialysis matching

A

Hemodialysis

52
Q

The peritoneum serves as the semi permeable membrane, dialysis is introduced into the peritoneal cavity thought a catheter

A

Peritoneal cavity

53
Q

The cluster of capillaries in the nephron is the

A

Glomerulus

54
Q

The location where blood vessels, nerves and the ureter enter and leave the kidney is the

A

Hilum

55
Q

The portion of the nephron in charge of making urine is the

A

Renal tubukle

56
Q

Most sodium is reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate in the

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

57
Q

Which of the following substances should never be found in the urine

A

Glucose

58
Q

The hormone aldosterone

A

Causes distal convoluted tubule to reabsorb more sodium which leads to water retention and a rise in blood pressure

59
Q

Many diuretics work by blocking tubular reabsportion of

A

Sodium

60
Q

In women the ____ is shorter than it is in men which contributes to the higher incidence of urinary tract infections in women

A

Urethera

61
Q

Urination occurs when

A

The bladder contacts and the external urethral sphincter relaxes

62
Q

A triangular shaped smooth area on the floor of the bladder is called the

A

Trigone

Anatomy & Physiology 165 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions