Lympathetic And Immune System Flashcards
What are the body’s three lines of defence of taking care of threats it encounters on a daily basis
- External Barriers
- Nonspecific immunity
- Specific immunity
Specific immunity is aimed at a specific pathogen. For the immune system to recognize that pathogen, it must have previously been introduced to that pathogen
True
This immunity protects against broad range of pathogens, using a variety of mechanisms such as external barriers, phagocytosis, antimicrobial proteins, natural killers cells, inflammation and fever
Nonspecific immunity
Skin and mucous membranes are what type of first line defense against micro organisms
External Barriee
AN enzyme found in mucus, tears and saliva that destroys bacteria
Lysozyme
Cells whose sole job is to ingest and destroy micro organisms and other small particles
Phagocytes
Types of Phagocytes
- neutrophils
2. Macrophages
When a neutrophil uses enzymes to digest a portion of the basement memberane which allows them to squeeze out of the vessel
Diapedesis
Macrophages evolve from monocytes
True
2 types of proteins that help provide nonspecific resistance against bacterial and viral infection
- Interferons
2. Complement system
Cells produce this protein in response to a viral infection. They then release to nearby cells where it binds to the surface receptors and triggers the production of this enzyme within the cell
Interferons
Over 20 different proteins that circulate in the bloodstream in an inactive form waiting to assist the immune response
Complement system
These unique type of lymphocytes continually roam the body, seeking out pathogens or diseased cells
Natural Killer Cells (NK) cells
This action stimulates the body’s defense system to begin fighting the infections while instigating measures to contain the pathogen. Also include processes that clean up and repair damaged tissue
Inflammation or inflammatory response
Blood that rushes into a wound
Hyperemia
Dead cells that pile up along with tissue debris and fluid
Pus
When pus accumulates in a tissue cavity
Abscess
4 classic signs of inflammation
- Swelling
- redness
- heat
- pain
Pyrexia
Fever
An abnormal elevation of body temperature
Fever (Pyrexia)
A person with a fever is said to be
Ferbile
Immunity that’s directed against a specific pathogen
Specific immunity
A mechanism that aims to destroy foreign cells or host cells that have become infected with a pathogen
Cellular immunity (cell-mediated)
A mechanism that focuses on pathogens outside the host cells, sends out antibodies to mark a pathogen for later destruction
Humoral immunity (antibody-mediated)
The body makes its own antibodies and T cells against a pathogen
Active immunity
Receiving immunity after receiving an injection of antibodies from another person or an animal
Passive immunity
Four classes of immunity
- Natural active
- Artificial active
- Natural Passive
- Artificial Passive
This type of immunity occurs when the body produces antibodies or T cells after being exposed to a particular anitgen
Natural active immunity