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Anatomy & Physiology 165 > Lympathetic And Immune System > Flashcards

Lympathetic And Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the body’s three lines of defence of taking care of threats it encounters on a daily basis

A
  1. External Barriers
  2. Nonspecific immunity
  3. Specific immunity
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2
Q

Specific immunity is aimed at a specific pathogen. For the immune system to recognize that pathogen, it must have previously been introduced to that pathogen

A

True

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3
Q

This immunity protects against broad range of pathogens, using a variety of mechanisms such as external barriers, phagocytosis, antimicrobial proteins, natural killers cells, inflammation and fever

A

Nonspecific immunity

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4
Q

Skin and mucous membranes are what type of first line defense against micro organisms

A

External Barriee

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5
Q

AN enzyme found in mucus, tears and saliva that destroys bacteria

A

Lysozyme

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6
Q

Cells whose sole job is to ingest and destroy micro organisms and other small particles

A

Phagocytes

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7
Q

Types of Phagocytes

A
  1. neutrophils

2. Macrophages

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8
Q

When a neutrophil uses enzymes to digest a portion of the basement memberane which allows them to squeeze out of the vessel

A

Diapedesis

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9
Q

Macrophages evolve from monocytes

A

True

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10
Q

2 types of proteins that help provide nonspecific resistance against bacterial and viral infection

A
  1. Interferons

2. Complement system

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11
Q

Cells produce this protein in response to a viral infection. They then release to nearby cells where it binds to the surface receptors and triggers the production of this enzyme within the cell

A

Interferons

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12
Q

Over 20 different proteins that circulate in the bloodstream in an inactive form waiting to assist the immune response

A

Complement system

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13
Q

These unique type of lymphocytes continually roam the body, seeking out pathogens or diseased cells

A

Natural Killer Cells (NK) cells

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14
Q

This action stimulates the body’s defense system to begin fighting the infections while instigating measures to contain the pathogen. Also include processes that clean up and repair damaged tissue

A

Inflammation or inflammatory response

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15
Q

Blood that rushes into a wound

A

Hyperemia

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16
Q

Dead cells that pile up along with tissue debris and fluid

A

Pus

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17
Q

When pus accumulates in a tissue cavity

A

Abscess

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18
Q

4 classic signs of inflammation

A
  1. Swelling
  2. redness
  3. heat
  4. pain
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19
Q

Pyrexia

A

Fever

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20
Q

An abnormal elevation of body temperature

A

Fever (Pyrexia)

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21
Q

A person with a fever is said to be

A

Ferbile

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22
Q

Immunity that’s directed against a specific pathogen

A

Specific immunity

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23
Q

A mechanism that aims to destroy foreign cells or host cells that have become infected with a pathogen

A

Cellular immunity (cell-mediated)

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24
Q

A mechanism that focuses on pathogens outside the host cells, sends out antibodies to mark a pathogen for later destruction

A

Humoral immunity (antibody-mediated)

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25
Q

The body makes its own antibodies and T cells against a pathogen

A

Active immunity

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26
Q

Receiving immunity after receiving an injection of antibodies from another person or an animal

A

Passive immunity

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27
Q

Four classes of immunity

A
  1. Natural active
  2. Artificial active
  3. Natural Passive
  4. Artificial Passive
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28
Q

This type of immunity occurs when the body produces antibodies or T cells after being exposed to a particular anitgen

A

Natural active immunity

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29
Q

If you become ill with measles, your body will produce antibodies to this particular virus because of

A

Natural active immunity

30
Q

Results when the body makes T cells and antibodies against a disease as a result of a vaccination

A

Artificial Active immunity

31
Q

By injecting a vaccine contains dead or weakened pathogens the recipients body produces an immune response without actually developing the illness

A

Artificial active immunity

32
Q

Results when a fetus acquires antibodies from the mother through the placenta or when breastfeeding

A

Natural passive immunity

33
Q

Involves obtaining serum from a person or animal that has produced antibodies against a certain pathogen and then injecting it into someone else

A

Artificial passive immunity

34
Q

Typically used in emergencies for treatment or rabies or botulism

A

Artificial passive immunity

35
Q

3 classes of lymphocytes

A
  1. NK cells
  2. T
  3. B
36
Q

These lymphocytes develop from stem cells in bone marrow

-mature in the thymus

A

T cells or T lymphocytes

37
Q

Capable of recognizing antigens

A

Immunocompetent

38
Q

Also begin their life in the bone marrow but remain in the bone marrow until they fully mature

A

B cells or B lymphocytes

39
Q

Gamma globulin proteins formed by B cells and found in plasma and body secretions
-Key players in the body’s immune system

A

Antibodies

40
Q

Another name for antibodies

A

Immunoglobulins (Ig)

41
Q

Molecule that triggers an immune response

A

Anitgen

42
Q

Five classes of antibodies

A
  1. IgA
  2. IgD
  3. IgE
  4. IgG
  5. IgM
43
Q

Populates MM in the intestines, resp tract and urinary tract

Also found in saliva tears and breast milk

A

IgA

44
Q

Exists in the blood era small amounts

A

IgD

45
Q

Involved in allergic reactions

A

IgE

46
Q

Primary Antibodu of the secondary immune response

  • most abundant
  • Making 80%
A

IgG

47
Q

Active in the primary immune response

Also involved in agglutination of incompatible blood types

A

IgM

48
Q

Immunity that destroys pathogens that exist within a cell

Employs three classes of T cells

A

Cellular immunity

49
Q

Cellular immunity cells

A
  1. Cytotoxic T cells
  2. Helper T Cells
  3. Memory T cells
50
Q

Immunity that focuses on pathogens outside the cell

-uses antibodies to mark them for later destruction

A

Humoral Immunity

51
Q

The initial reaction that the immune system has against an invader
-Time between exposure to an new antigen and rising level of blood antibodies against that antigen is 3-6 days

A

Primary Response

52
Q

When the B cell remains after an attack and the number of memory B cells begin to divide if the same antigen is present
-takes only hours

A

Secondary response

53
Q

Disorders occur when the immune system overreacts to an anitgen

A

Hypersensitivity

54
Q

Disorder occurs when immune system fails to act

A

Immunodeficiency disorders

55
Q

Most common type of hypersensitivity

A

Allergy

56
Q

A condition in which the immune system reacts to environments substances that most people can tolerate

A

Allergy

57
Q

A severe immediate allergic reaction that affects the whole body is

A

Anaphylaxis

58
Q

When ananphylaxis symptoms worse to the point that circularity shock and even sudden death may occur

A

Anaphlyaxis shock

59
Q

This reaction involves cell-mediated immunity

-contact dermatitis

A

Delayed allergic reaction

60
Q

Example of auto immune disease

A

Rheumatic fever, systemic lupus, scleroderma, Graves’ disease, ulcerative colitis

61
Q

When children have few or no T and B cells so their bodies can’t fight off pathogens forcing them to live in a protective environment

A

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)

62
Q

Results from an infection with HIV, virus invaders helper T cells eventually destroying them.

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

63
Q

What are the key functions of the lymphatic system

A

Immunity, absorption of fats, and the maintenance of fluid balance

64
Q

What forms the basis of lymphatic fluid

A

Tissue fluid left behind following capillary exchange

65
Q

In which lymphatic organ do T cells mature

A

Thymus

66
Q

Which statement most correctly describes the main function of lymph nodes

A

The removal of pathogens and foreign materials from lymphatic fluid

67
Q

Which important WBC travel throughout the bloodstream seeking out bacteria

A

Neutrophils

68
Q

A tetanus shot creates what type of immunity

A

Artificial active immunity

69
Q

How does the spleen contribute to immunity

A

It screens passing blood for foreign antigens

70
Q

A substance capable of causing disease is called

A

Anitgen

71
Q

Which type of immunity uses T cells to destroy pathogens within a cell

A

Cellular immunity

72
Q

Humoral immunity triggers the production of ________ to fight pathogens

A

Anitbodies

Anatomy & Physiology 165 (12 decks)

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