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Anatomy & Physiology 165 > Evaultion Submisson > Flashcards

Evaultion Submisson Flashcards

1
Q

Exerts long lasting effects

A

Endocrine

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2
Q

Responds to stimuli in milliseconds

A

Nervous system

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3
Q

Employs neurotransmitters to relay messages

A

Nervous systems

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4
Q

Distributes hormones through the body via the bloodstream

A

Endocrine system

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5
Q

Pass easily through cell membranes

A

Steroid hormones

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6
Q

Protein based

A

Nonsteroid hormones

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7
Q

Cholesterol based

A

Steriod hormones

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8
Q

Include insulin and antidiuretic hormone

A

Nonsteroid hormone

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9
Q

Glucagon

A

Pancreas

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10
Q

Epinephrine

A

Adrenal medulla

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11
Q

Cortisol

A

Adrenal cortex

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12
Q

ADH

A

Posterior pituitary

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13
Q

Growth hormone

A

Anterior pituitary hormone

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14
Q

Increase blood glucose

A

Glucagon

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15
Q

Enhances the effect on the sympathetic nervous system

A

Epinephrine

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16
Q

Decreases blood glucose

A

Insulin

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17
Q

Stimulates the breakdown of protein and fat

A

Cortisol

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18
Q

Growth and repair of tissues

A

Growth hormone

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19
Q

Includes hyperemia and chemotaxis

A

Inflammation

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20
Q

Defined by a ferbile state

A

Fever

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21
Q

Includes lining various structures

A

External barriers

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22
Q

Uses killer T cells, helper T cells and memory T cells

A

Cellular immunity

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23
Q

React to anitgens to protect the body

A

Antibodies

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24
Q

Include T cells from the thymus and B cells from bone marrow

A

humoral immunity

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25
Q

Deals with pathogens that are outside of the cells

A

Lymphocytes

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26
Q

Fluid within muscle cells

A

Intercellular fluid

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27
Q

Blood

A

Extracellular fluid

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28
Q

Fluid between cells

A

Interstitial fluid

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29
Q

Excessive water intake

A

Water intoxication

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30
Q

Accumulation of fluid in a localized area

A

Edema

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31
Q

Blood loss or diarrhea

A

Volume depletion

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32
Q

Fluid deficicincey leading to ciruculatory collapse

A

Hypovolemic shock

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33
Q

Water loss without loss of sodium

A

Dehydration

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34
Q

The primary sex organ in the male are

A

Testes

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35
Q

The purpose of the _____ is to deposit sperm in the female vagina

A

Penis

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36
Q

What controls the position of the scrotum to regulate internal temperature

A

Cremaster muscle

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37
Q

The ____ contains the testes

A

Scrotum

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38
Q

Within each restively there are _______ in which sperm are produced

A

Seminiferous tubules

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39
Q

As super mature they pass from the efferent du rules to the

A

Epididymis

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40
Q

The ____ is is a tube that joins the epididymis to the ejactulatory duct

A

Vas defens

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41
Q

The efferent ductubles, epididymis, vas defens, seminal vesicles are part of the network of

A

Spermatic ducts

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42
Q

The _____ sits inferior to the bladder, secretes a thin, milky fluid that makes up about 30 % of semen

A

Prostate gland

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43
Q

The ______ secretes a small amount of ejaculatory fluid that is meant to neutralize the acidit of any urine in the urethra

A

Bulbourethral gland

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44
Q

The end of the penis has an enlarged head called

A

Glans penis

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45
Q

There are two large cylinders of tissue within the penis called

A

Corpus cavernosa

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46
Q

The opening of the urethra through with the ejaucalte is released is called the

A

External urethral orifice

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47
Q

The seminal vesicles, prostate gland and bulbourethral glan are

A

Accessory glands

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48
Q

The primary sex organ in females are

A

Ovaries

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49
Q

Thousands of _____ are found within each ovary

A

Ovarian follicles

50
Q

The ____ is a passageway from the ovary to the uterus

A

Fallopian tubes

51
Q

The ____ is the middle section of the Fallopian tube

A

Ampulla

52
Q

The curved superior portion of the uterus is called the

A

Fund us

53
Q

The ____ is the muscular hammer connected to the Fallopian tubes that hoses the growing embryo

A

Uterus

54
Q

The ____ is the inferior opening into the uterus

A

Cervix

55
Q

The external opening through which the penis enters is the

A

Vagina

56
Q

The next ion point between the uterus and Fallopian tube is the

A

Isthmus

57
Q

The lining of the uterus is

A

Endometrium

58
Q

The muscular wall that contracts during childbirth is called the

A

Myometrium

59
Q

The ____ facilitate milk production for the newborn infant

A

Breasts

60
Q

The roof of the mouth is made up of the

A

Hard and soft palate

61
Q

The tongue has ______ on its surface that contains taste buds

A

Lingual papillae

62
Q

The parotid gland is one of the _____glands of the mouth

A

Salivary glands

63
Q

The process of chewing

A

Mastication

64
Q

The ____ of a tooth is the potion above the gum

A

Crown

65
Q

Adults have ___ teeth

A

32

66
Q

Connects the mouth to esophagus

A

Pharynx

67
Q

Closes to prevent food from entering the larynx

A

Epiglottis

68
Q

Connects the pharynx to the stomach

A

Esophagus

69
Q

Movement that occurs in the esophagus to move food along is

A

Peristalsis

70
Q

Blended mixture of food and fluid in the stomach is

A

Chyme

71
Q

,uscularis layer is the somtach has

A

6 layers

72
Q

Food must pass through the _____ as it moves on to the duodenum

A

Pyloric sphincter

73
Q

The inside of the stomach is charactered by _____ as the mucosa folds upon itself

A

Rugae

74
Q

The stomach mucosa contains gastric pits that contain many gastric

A

Glands

75
Q

____ cells secrete mucous to protect the stomach lining

A

Mucous

76
Q

Cells secerte digestive enzymes such as pepsinogen

A

Chief

77
Q

Contains blood vessels that dilate or constrict

A

Thermoregulation

78
Q

Secretes an antibacterial residue

A

Protection

79
Q

Sensitive to UV light

A

Vitamin D

80
Q

Prevents dehydration by blocking loss of fluid

A

Barrier

81
Q

Acts to cushion impact to the body

A

Protection

82
Q

Prevents the absorption of fluid from the environment

A

Barrier

83
Q

Provides for the perception of touch and pain

A

Sensory perception

84
Q

Blocks the invasion of micro organisms

A

Protection

85
Q

Contains sweat glands capable of releasing fluid

A

Thermoregulation

86
Q

Block UV light

A

Barrier

87
Q

The part of the hair that lies within a sheath in the epidermis

A

Hair follicle

88
Q

Smooth muscle attached to each hair follicle

A

Arrector pills

89
Q

Apart of the hair that protrudes beyond the skin

A

Shaft

90
Q

Part of the hair that extends into the dermis

A

Bulb/root

91
Q

A cluster of connective tissue and blood vessels

A

Papilla

92
Q

Allows the body to hold itself upright

A

Support

93
Q

Absorbs and real eases alkaline salts

A

Acid base balance

94
Q

Location of red bone marrow

A

Blood production

95
Q

Gives the body its structure

A

Shape

96
Q

Sore and release of calcium and phosophours

A

Electrolyte balance

97
Q

Delicate internal organs such as the hear and lungs are covered

A

Protection

98
Q

Provide attachment for skeletal muscles

A

Movement

99
Q

Intramembranous oddification occurs when the stem cells within the connective tissue differeintaite into

A

Osteoblasts

100
Q

This process occurs in the development of the face and

A

Skull

101
Q

Most bones evolve from

A

Cartilage

102
Q

Most bones develop through a process called

A

Endoconchrandal ossification

103
Q

These start to replace the chondrocytes within the cartilage bone

A

Osteoblasts

104
Q

The diaphysis is eventually covered in a thin layer of

A

Bone

105
Q

The next step involved blood vessels penetrating the cartilage and a ______ ossification centers develops in the middle of the ____

A

Primary & diaphysis

106
Q

The bone marrow cavity fills with stem cells and

A

Blood

107
Q

Eventually secondary ossification centers develop in the _____ of the bone

A

Epiphysis

108
Q

Bones will maintain the abilit to grow in length as long as this plate is not ossified

A

Epiphyseal

109
Q

Bone remodelling is a process that replaces about % of the skeleton each year

A

10

110
Q

The process of breaking down bone is called

A

Resorption

111
Q

Ossification is the process of ____ new bone

A

Depositing

112
Q

During adolescence ossification occurs at a greater rate than

A

Resorption

113
Q

Beyond the age of 40 the rate of _____ can be greater than ossification

A

Bone loss

114
Q

The bones remain aligned and surround tissue is intact

A

Simple

115
Q

Thebone is broken into several pieces

A

Comminuted

116
Q

The fracture is not completely through the whole bone

A

Green stick

117
Q

The broken ends of thebone have pierced through the skin and are visible

A

Compound

118
Q

The fracture has occurred around the bone as a result of a twisting force

A

Spiral

119
Q

Diarhtorisis

A

Synovial

120
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Fibrous

121
Q

Amphiathrosis

A

Cailagenous

Anatomy & Physiology 165 (12 decks)

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