Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology 165 > Fluid, Electrolyte And Acid-base Balance > Flashcards

Fluid, Electrolyte And Acid-base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What does homeostasis depend on in the body

A

The balance of water, electrolytes and pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Inside the cell, the body’s water (about 65%)

A

Intercellular fluid (ICF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fluid that remains outside the cells (remaining 35%) body’s water

A

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fluid between the cells inside the tissue, as well as the fluid within vessels as blood, plasma and lymph

A

Interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CSF, synovial fluid in the joints, vitreous and aqueous humours of the eye and digestive secretions

A

Transcellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens to water is the concentration is electrolytes of tissue rises

A

Water moves out of the cells and into the tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens if the osomlairty of the tissue fluid falls?

A

Water moves out of the tissues and into the cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The water made by the by-product of metabolic reactions

A

Metabolic water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does a human intake fluid each day

A

Eating and drinking

Cells also produce water through metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fluid loss happens

A

Kidneys (urine)
Intestine (feces)
Skin (sweat as well as diffusion)
Lungs (expired air)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What makes up extracellular fluid

A
  • interstitial fluid
  • plasma
  • lymph
  • transcellular fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When blood volume and pressure are too high or blood osmolarity is too low, what hormone is inhibited and what happened

A

The hypothalamus inhibits ADH
This causes the renal tubules to reabsorb less water, leading to an increased urine output and a decline in total body water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Water happens when there is an abnormality in

  • fluid volume
  • fluid concentration
  • distribution of fluid between compartments
A

Water imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Occurs when output exceeds intake over a period of time

A

Fluid deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Two types of fluid deficiency are:

A
  1. volume depletion (hypovelmia)

2. dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Results from blood loss or when both sodium an d water are lost (dirrahea)

A

Volume depletion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Results when the body eliminates more water than sodium. Consuming inadequate amounts of water to cover the amount of water lost

  • diabetes mellitus
  • use of diuretics
A

Dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fluid deficiency can lead to circulatory collapse due to blood loss volume

A

Hypovolemic shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Causes of fluid excess

A

Renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Occurs when someone consumes an excessive amount of water or if someone replaces heavy losses of water and sodium with just water

A

Water intoxication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When fluid accumulates in theinterstitial spaces causing tissues to swell

A

Edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does edema affect

A

Lungs, brain, legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What can trigger edema

A
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • increased capillary pressure
  • decreased conentration of plasma proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Substances that break up into electrically charged particles called ions when dissolved in water

A

Electrolytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What functions do electrolytes play in the body

A
  • drive chemical reaction
  • affect distribution of the body’s water content
  • determine a cells electrical potential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Major cations of the body

A
  • Na
  • K
  • Ca
  • H
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Major anions of the body are

A
  • Cl
  • HCO (bicarbonate)
  • P (phosphate)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A deficicency and excess of sodium in the blood is

A

-Hypo and Hyperatremia

136-146

29
Q

A deficicency and excess of potassium in the blood is

A

Hypo and hyperkalemia

3.6 - 5.0

30
Q

A deficicency and excess of calcium in the blood is

A

Hypo and hypercalcemia

8.8 - 10.3

31
Q

A deficicency and excess of chloride in the blood is

A

Hypo and hyperchloremia

96 - 106

32
Q

A deficicency and excess of phosphate in the blood is

A

Hypo and hyperphosphatemia

2.4 - 4.1

33
Q

The main electrolyte in extracellular fluid, 90 % of its osmolarity

A

Sodium

34
Q

Key functions that sodium plays

A
  1. Determines the volume of total body water
  2. influences how the body water is distributed between compartments
  3. depolarization, critical for proper nerve and muscle function
35
Q

Sodium levels are primarily regulated by aldosterone and ADH

A

TRUE

36
Q

Plasma Na levels higher than 146
Indicates water deficit
Excessive loss of body water ( severe diarrhea or use of diuretics)
Self corrects itself (increase of thirst)
Can cause edema, lethargy and weakness is not corrected

A

Hyperatremia

37
Q

Refers to plasma sodium less than 139
Excess of body water
Corrected by excretion of excess water
Can cause in pulmonary or cerebral edema as fluid moves into cells

A

Hypoatremia

38
Q

Chief cation of intercellular fluid and works hand-in-hand with sodium
Crucial for proper nerve function and muscle function

A

Potassium

39
Q

Can develop suddenly or over time

Can cause life threatening cardiac arrhythmia

A

Potassium imbalance

40
Q

Plasma concentration above 5.0
May develop suddenly following a crush injury or severe burn
May develop gradually from renal insufficiency
Makes nerve and muscle cells irritable, leading to potential fatal cardiac arrhythmias

A

Hyperkalemia

41
Q

Plasma concentration less than 3.5
Results from prolonged use of potassium wasting diuretics
May result from chronic vomiting or diarrhea
Results in muscle weakness, depressed reflexes and cardiac arrhythmias

A

Hypokalemia

42
Q

Plays a key role in muscle contractions, nerve transmission, blood clotting
Regulated by he parathyroid hormone which affects intestinal abosoroption and enhances the release from bones
Cation that exists mostly outside the cell

A

Calcium

43
Q

May results from hyperparathyroidism, hypo”” or alkalosis
Inhibits a depolarization of nerve and muscles cells, leading to muscle weakness, depressed reflexes and cardiac arrhythmias

A

Hypercalcemia

44
Q

May result from hypoparathyroidisim, hyper”””” acidosis or diarrhea
Increase excitations of nerves and muscles, leading to muscle spasms and tetany

A

Hypocalcemia

45
Q

Most abundant extracellular anion and is strongly linked to sodium
Contributes to the formation or so tach axis and also helps regulate fluid balance and PH

A

Chloride

46
Q

Participates in carbohydrate metabolism, bone formation, and acid-base balance

A

Phosphate

47
Q

One of the most important factors influencing homeostatis in the Body’s balance

A

Acids and bases

48
Q

Normal ph of blood and tissues

A

7.35-7.45

49
Q

The pH of a solution is determined by its concentration of

A

Hydrogen ions

50
Q

Any chemical that releases H in solution is a

A

Acid

51
Q

Any chemical that accepts H in a solution is a

A

Base

52
Q

Strong scuds dissociate freely in solution that can makedly lower the pH of a solution

A

True

53
Q

Strong bases have strong tendencies to bind with H, removing the H and raising the levels of pH

A

True

54
Q

As the concentration of H ions increases the pH decreases and the solution becomes for acidic

A

True

55
Q

These mechanisms keep acids and bases in balance. It resists changes in pH by converting a strong acid or base into a weak one

A

Buffers

56
Q

Two catergories of buffers

A
  1. Chemical

2. physiological

57
Q

Use a chemical to bind H and remove it from the solutions when levels rise too night and to release H when levels fall

A

Chemical buffers

58
Q

Three main chemical buffers

A
  1. bicarbonate
  2. phosphate
  3. protein
59
Q

The main buffering system of extracellular fluid
Uses bicarbonate and carbonic acid
Reversible

A

Bicarbonate buffer

60
Q

This enzyme, located in the RBC and kidney accelerates buffer system allowing them to occur at lightening speed

A

Carbonic anhydrase

61
Q

Use respiratory and urinary systems to alter the output of acids, bases, co2 and in turn stabilizes pH

A

Physoloigical buffers

62
Q

Death occurs when pH falls or rises above these values

A
  1. 8

8. 0

63
Q

The kidneys are the only buffer system that actually expels H ions from the body

A

True

64
Q

An excess of carbonic acid results in

A

Acidosis

65
Q

An excess in of bicarbonate results in

A

Alkalosis

66
Q

Result from either an excess or deficiency of co2

A

Respiratory imbalance

67
Q

Result from excess of deficiency of bicarbonate

A

Metabolic imbalance

68
Q

Acidosis =

A

Hyperkalemia

69
Q

Alkalosis =

A

Hypokalemia

Anatomy & Physiology 165 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions