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Anatomy & Physiology 165 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The most obvious task of the skin

A

Define the body’s structure, joining forces with the muscular and skeletal systems to build the body’s framework

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2
Q

Functions of skin

A
  • separates the internal from the external environment
  • protects the body from invasion by harmful substances
  • helps maintain homestatis
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3
Q

Two layers of the skin

A
  • epidermins

- dermis

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4
Q

outermost layer
Consists of stratified squamous epithtieal
Contains no blood vessels

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

Inner, deeper layer
Composed of connective tissu
Contains primarily collegian fibres but also elastin tubers and reticular fibres

A

Dermis

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6
Q

Beneath the skin layer
Subcutaneous
Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

A

Hypodermics

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7
Q

The outer layer of the epidermis is completely replaced every month

A

True

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8
Q

Also called the stratum germinativum

Innermost layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum baslae

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9
Q

A tough, fibrous protein

A

Keratin

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10
Q

Outermost layer of the epidermis that consists of 30 layers of dead, flat, keratin-coated cells

A

Stratum corenum

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11
Q

Scattered throughout the basal layer of the epidermis

Produce a substance called melanin

A

Melanocytes

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12
Q

Two types of melanin

A
  1. Reddish (pheomelanin)’

2. brown-black (eumelanin)

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13
Q

How is a persons skin colour determined

A

By the amount and type of melanin

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14
Q

Blue tint to skin

Cause is a deficient of oxygen in curculating blood

A

Cyanosis

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15
Q

Yellow discolouration of skin and whites of the eyes
Causes:
Impaired liver function that allows bile to accumulate which stains the skin

A

Jaundice

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16
Q

Golden, brown color

Deficient of hormones from the adrenal gland ( Addison’s disease)

A

Bronzing

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17
Q

Extremely pale skin, white hair and pink eyes
Causes:
Genetic lack of melanin

A

Albinism

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18
Q

Abnormal redness
Causes:
Increase blood flow in dilated blood vessels
Heat, exercise, sunburn

A

Erthyemia

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19
Q

Pale skin,
Causes:
Decreased blood flow, low blood pressure or blood loss

A

Pallor

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20
Q

Bluish, black or yellowish mark on the skin

Breakdown of clotted blood under the skin

A

-bruise ( hematoma)

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21
Q

Functions of skin

A
  • protection
  • barrier
  • vitamin d production
  • sensory perception
  • thermnoregulation
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22
Q

A medication in the forms of a lotion, gel, or adhesive patch placed on the skin

A

Transdermal medication

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23
Q

The appendages of skin

A

Hair, nails and glands

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24
Q

Places where hair doesn’t occur q

A

-palms, soles
-lips
Nipples
Some areas of genitals

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25
Q

How does hair get its colour

A

Melanin

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26
Q

Darker hair =

A

Greater concentration of melanin

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27
Q

Blond hair =

A

Greater concentration of pheomelanin

28
Q

Red hair =

A

Mixture of eumelanin and pheomelanin

29
Q

Gray and white hair =

A

Lack of melanin

30
Q

Excessive hair loss

A

Alopecia

31
Q

Hair loss that occurs in indivuales who have the inherited gene and who have high levels of testeosterone

A

Male pattern baldness

32
Q

Densely packed, heavily keratinized epithieal cells

A

Nails

33
Q

Long-term oxygen deficiency, usually due to lung disease

Distal ends in large and nail bed softens

A

Clubbing

34
Q

Often the first sign of oxygen defincency

A

Cyanosis

35
Q

Iron deficincey

A

Flattened or concave nail beds

36
Q

May indicate melanomia

A

Dark lines beneath the nail

37
Q

May occur in liver diseases such as hepatitis

A

White nails

38
Q

Lung diseases such as emphysema

A

Yellowish, thickened, slow growing nails

39
Q

May be a sign of anemia

A

Pale nail beds

40
Q

The glands associated with skin

A

Sweat, sebaceous and ceremonious glands

41
Q

The most numerous of skin glands

A

Sweat glands

42
Q

Two types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine

Apocrine

43
Q

Contains a duct onto the skins surface
Widespread throughout the body ( palms, soles, forehead and upper torso)
Produce sweat

A

Eccrine glands

44
Q

Contains a duct that leads to the hair follicle
Mainly in the axillary and groin regions
Scent glands that respond to stress and sexual stimulation
Function at puberty

A

Apocrine glands

45
Q

Secrete an oily substance called sebum

A

Sebaceous glands

46
Q

Helps keep the skin and hair from drying out and becoming brittle

A

Sebum

47
Q

Exist in the external ear canal and secrete a waxy substance called cerumen

A

Ceruminous glands

48
Q

Helps keep the ear canal from drying out

A

Ear wax

49
Q

Things that could cause burns

A 
-fire
Hot water
Steam
Electricity 
Chemicals
Sunlight
50
Q

Dead tissue resulting from a burn

A

Eschar

51
Q

Burns are classified by the number of tissue layers affected by the burn

A

True

52
Q

Partial thickeness burn-superficial
Involves only the epidermis
Redness, swelling and pain
Results from sunlight (sunburn)

A

First degree

53
Q 
Deep burn
Epidermis and dermis
Blisters, severe pain and swelling
May results in scarring
Appears red, white or tan
A

2nd degree burn

54
Q

Full thickness burn
Extends through the epidermis to subcutaneous
May not be painful from the destruction of nerves
Appear white or black and leathery
Requires skin grafts

A

Third degree

55
Q

Three types of skin cancer

A
  1. Basal cell carinoma
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma
  3. malignant melanoma
56
Q

What is the name of the outermost layer of the skin

A

Epidermis

57
Q

In which skin layer are new skin cells generated

A

Stratum basal

58
Q

New skin cells produce which tough fibrous protein

A

Keratin

59
Q

What is the chief purpose of melanin in the skin

A

Protect the nucleus of the skin cell against uv radiation

60
Q

The skin initiates the production of which vitamin

A

Vitamin d

61
Q

How does the epidermins receive oxygen and nutrients

A

By diffusion from the dermis

62
Q

Which of the following is a function of the stratum cornrum

A

Act as a Barrier

63
Q

What is the function of the eccrine gland

A

Secrete sweat, which plays a role in helping the body maintain a constant core temperature

64
Q

Skin helps the body conserve heat by

A

Constricting blood vessels

65
Q

Where does hair growth occur?

A

Hair bulb

Anatomy & Physiology 165 (12 decks)

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