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Anatomy & Physiology 165 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

The most obvious task of the skin

A

Define the body’s structure, joining forces with the muscular and skeletal systems to build the body’s framework

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2
Q

Functions of skin

A
  • separates the internal from the external environment
  • protects the body from invasion by harmful substances
  • helps maintain homestatis
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3
Q

Two layers of the skin

A
  • epidermins

- dermis

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4
Q

outermost layer
Consists of stratified squamous epithtieal
Contains no blood vessels

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

Inner, deeper layer
Composed of connective tissu
Contains primarily collegian fibres but also elastin tubers and reticular fibres

A

Dermis

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6
Q

Beneath the skin layer
Subcutaneous
Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

A

Hypodermics

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7
Q

The outer layer of the epidermis is completely replaced every month

A

True

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8
Q

Also called the stratum germinativum

Innermost layer of the epidermis

A

Stratum baslae

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9
Q

A tough, fibrous protein

A

Keratin

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10
Q

Outermost layer of the epidermis that consists of 30 layers of dead, flat, keratin-coated cells

A

Stratum corenum

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11
Q

Scattered throughout the basal layer of the epidermis

Produce a substance called melanin

A

Melanocytes

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12
Q

Two types of melanin

A
  1. Reddish (pheomelanin)’

2. brown-black (eumelanin)

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13
Q

How is a persons skin colour determined

A

By the amount and type of melanin

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14
Q

Blue tint to skin

Cause is a deficient of oxygen in curculating blood

A

Cyanosis

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15
Q

Yellow discolouration of skin and whites of the eyes
Causes:
Impaired liver function that allows bile to accumulate which stains the skin

A

Jaundice

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16
Q

Golden, brown color

Deficient of hormones from the adrenal gland ( Addison’s disease)

A

Bronzing

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17
Q

Extremely pale skin, white hair and pink eyes
Causes:
Genetic lack of melanin

A

Albinism

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18
Q

Abnormal redness
Causes:
Increase blood flow in dilated blood vessels
Heat, exercise, sunburn

A

Erthyemia

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19
Q

Pale skin,
Causes:
Decreased blood flow, low blood pressure or blood loss

A

Pallor

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20
Q

Bluish, black or yellowish mark on the skin

Breakdown of clotted blood under the skin

A

-bruise ( hematoma)

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21
Q

Functions of skin

A
  • protection
  • barrier
  • vitamin d production
  • sensory perception
  • thermnoregulation
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22
Q

A medication in the forms of a lotion, gel, or adhesive patch placed on the skin

A

Transdermal medication

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23
Q

The appendages of skin

A

Hair, nails and glands

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24
Q

Places where hair doesn’t occur q

A

-palms, soles
-lips
Nipples
Some areas of genitals

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25
How does hair get its colour
Melanin
26
Darker hair =
Greater concentration of melanin
27
Blond hair =
Greater concentration of pheomelanin
28
Red hair =
Mixture of eumelanin and pheomelanin
29
Gray and white hair =
Lack of melanin
30
Excessive hair loss
Alopecia
31
Hair loss that occurs in indivuales who have the inherited gene and who have high levels of testeosterone
Male pattern baldness
32
Densely packed, heavily keratinized epithieal cells
Nails
33
Long-term oxygen deficiency, usually due to lung disease | Distal ends in large and nail bed softens
Clubbing
34
Often the first sign of oxygen defincency
Cyanosis
35
Iron deficincey
Flattened or concave nail beds
36
May indicate melanomia
Dark lines beneath the nail
37
May occur in liver diseases such as hepatitis
White nails
38
Lung diseases such as emphysema
Yellowish, thickened, slow growing nails
39
May be a sign of anemia
Pale nail beds
40
The glands associated with skin
Sweat, sebaceous and ceremonious glands
41
The most numerous of skin glands
Sweat glands
42
Two types of sweat glands
Eccrine | Apocrine
43
Contains a duct onto the skins surface Widespread throughout the body ( palms, soles, forehead and upper torso) Produce sweat
Eccrine glands
44
Contains a duct that leads to the hair follicle Mainly in the axillary and groin regions Scent glands that respond to stress and sexual stimulation Function at puberty
Apocrine glands
45
Secrete an oily substance called sebum
Sebaceous glands
46
Helps keep the skin and hair from drying out and becoming brittle
Sebum
47
Exist in the external ear canal and secrete a waxy substance called cerumen
Ceruminous glands
48
Helps keep the ear canal from drying out
Ear wax
49
Things that could cause burns
``` -fire Hot water Steam Electricity Chemicals Sunlight ```
50
Dead tissue resulting from a burn
Eschar
51
Burns are classified by the number of tissue layers affected by the burn
True
52
Partial thickeness burn-superficial Involves only the epidermis Redness, swelling and pain Results from sunlight (sunburn)
First degree
53
``` Deep burn Epidermis and dermis Blisters, severe pain and swelling May results in scarring Appears red, white or tan ```
2nd degree burn
54
Full thickness burn Extends through the epidermis to subcutaneous May not be painful from the destruction of nerves Appear white or black and leathery Requires skin grafts
Third degree
55
Three types of skin cancer
1. Basal cell carinoma 2. Squamous cell carcinoma 3. malignant melanoma
56
What is the name of the outermost layer of the skin
Epidermis
57
In which skin layer are new skin cells generated
Stratum basal
58
New skin cells produce which tough fibrous protein
Keratin
59
What is the chief purpose of melanin in the skin
Protect the nucleus of the skin cell against uv radiation
60
The skin initiates the production of which vitamin
Vitamin d
61
How does the epidermins receive oxygen and nutrients
By diffusion from the dermis
62
Which of the following is a function of the stratum cornrum
Act as a Barrier
63
What is the function of the eccrine gland
Secrete sweat, which plays a role in helping the body maintain a constant core temperature
64
Skin helps the body conserve heat by
Constricting blood vessels
65
Where does hair growth occur?
Hair bulb

Anatomy & Physiology 165 (12 decks)

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