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Anatomy & Physiology 165 > Musclar System > Flashcards

Musclar System Flashcards

1
Q

Three types of muscle in the body

A
  1. caridac
  2. smooth
  3. skeletal
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2
Q

Found only in the heart,
Consists of short, branching fibres that fit together at intercalated discs
Appears stripped or striated
Involuntary

A

Cardiac muscle

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3
Q

Found in the digestive tract, blood vessels, bladder, airways and uterus
Nonstraited
Involuntary

A

Smooth muscle

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4
Q

Attached to bone and causes movement of the body

Voluntary muscle cause it can be contracted

A

Skeletal muscle

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5
Q

A skeletal muscle cell is

A

Muscle fibres

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6
Q

Delicate connective tissue that covers each muscle fibres

A

Endomysium

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7
Q

Muscle fibres are groups in bundle called

A

Fasiciles

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8
Q

A sheath of tougher connective tissue is

A

Perimysium

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9
Q

Connective tissue that surrounds the muscle as a whole and binds all the muscle fibres together

A

Epimysium

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10
Q

Surrounds the muscle outside the piemysium

A

Fascia

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11
Q

Muscle fibres merge with the periosteum of the bone forming a strong attachment

A

Direct attachment

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12
Q

The epimysium extends past the muscle as a tendon and then the tendon merges with the periosteum

A

Indirect attachment

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13
Q

Thin filament

A

Actin

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14
Q

Thick filament

A

Myosin

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15
Q

Where muscle contraction occurs

A

Sarcomeres

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16
Q

To contract a skeletal muscle must be stimulated by

A

Motor neuron

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17
Q

Connection between a motor neruron and muscle fibres is

A

Neuromuscular junction

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18
Q

Form of food poisoning usually acquired from eating improperly canned foods

A

Botulism

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19
Q

Body produces antibodies against receptors AcH

A

Myasthenia

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20
Q

Causes motor neurons to fire excessively

A

Tetanus or lockjaw

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21
Q

Anesthesthia to relax skeletal muscles

A

Curare

22
Q

Muscle contractions that shorten the muscle

A

Isotonic contractions

23
Q

Muscles contract by increasing tension while the length stays the same

A

Isometric conctractions

24
Q

Different ways muscle requires energy

A
  1. aerobic respiration of fatty acids
  2. creatine phosphate
  3. anaerboric respiration of glucose
  4. aerobic respiration of glucose
25
Q

At rest, muscles obtain most of their energy by

A

Metabolizing fatty acids

Aerobic respirtation to break down fatty acids for energy

26
Q

When beginning to exercise how does muscle obtain their energy

A

Oxygen levels drop so the muscles break down creatine phosphate (stored in the muscle)

27
Q

If exercise continues, CP is exhausted, so how does muscle get their energy supply

A

-anaerobic respiration of glucose

Can lead to muscle fatigue at the byproduct of Glycogen that’s stored in the muscle, is lactic acid

28
Q

After 10 minutes of exercise how do the muscles receive energy

A

-switches back to aerobic respiration of glucose

29
Q

The extra oxygen used in the process of covereting lactic acid back to glucose is

A

Oxygen debt

30
Q

The role of muscle

A

Move a body part

31
Q

Referees to the end of the muscle that attaches to the more stationary bone

A

Origin of muscle

32
Q

The thick midsection of the muscle

A

Belly

33
Q

The end of the muscle that attaches to the more movable bone

A

Insertion

34
Q

The main muscle triggering the movement is called

A

Prime movers

35
Q

The muscle that assist are called

A

Synergistic

36
Q

Muscle balancing these movements are

A

Anatagonists

37
Q

What’s the main role of the anatagoinst

A

It works to moderate the speed or range of movement, helping prevent joint injury

38
Q

When muscles enlarge due to strength training

A

Hypertrophy

39
Q

Muscles that have shrunk

A

Atrophy

40
Q

Muscles are name by their shape, size, location , number of origins

A

True

41
Q

A single muscle cell is called a

A

Muscle fibres

42
Q

What occurs when a muscle contracts

A

After forming cross bridges with the action myofilament, the myosin myofilament propels the action myofilament toward the centre of the sarcomere

43
Q

A continuous state of parietal muscle contraction in which muscles are at their optimal resting length is called

A

Muscle tone

44
Q

At rest, muscles obtain most of their energy by metabolizing

A

Fatty acids

45
Q

The end of a muscle that’s attached to the more mobile bone is called

A

Insertion

46
Q

The prefix Bi means

A

Has two origins

47
Q

A tendon is an extension of what muscle component

A

Epimysium

48
Q

During the process of muscle contraction, the sarcoplasmic reticulum is stimulated to release which substance

A

Calcium

49
Q

Which muscle is often called the praying muscle

A

Sternocleidomatoid

50
Q

The prime mover for knee extension is the

A

Quadriceps femoris

Anatomy & Physiology 165 (12 decks)

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