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Anatomy & Physiology 165 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Consist of the digestive tract as well as the accessory organs

A

Digestive system

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2
Q

A tube that extends from the mouth to the anus containing several distinct sections

A

Digestive tract

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3
Q

The digestive tract includes:

A
  • mouth
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • large and small intestine
  • rectum
  • anus
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4
Q

The accessory organs include the

A
  • teeth
  • tongue
  • salivary glands
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • gallbladder
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5
Q

Separate organs that aid in digestion

A

Accessory organs

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6
Q

Breaks down food both physically and chemically and transforms it into a substance that cells can use

A

Digestion

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7
Q

Food material inside the digestive tract is considered to be external to the body

A

True

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8
Q

First phase of digestion. It involves physically breaking down food into smaller pieces.
Begins with chewing in mouth and continuing with contractions and churning in the stomach and small intestines

A

Mechanical digestion

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9
Q

Second phase of digestion uses digestive enzymes produced in the salivary glands, stomach, pancreas and small intestines to break down food particles into nutrients that cells can use
-glucose, amino acids, fatty acids

A

Chemical digestion

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10
Q

Food that isn’t digested or absorbed becomes waste and is eliminated from the body

A

True

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11
Q

Four layers of tissue that make up the walls of the digestive tract

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. Muscularias
  4. serosa
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12
Q

The innermost layer, consists of 3 layers of its own

  • inner layer of epithelium
  • layer of loose connective tissue
  • thin layer of smooth muscle
A

Mucosa

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13
Q

Thicker layer of connective tissue

Contains glands, blood vessels, lympathetic vessels and nerves

A

Submucosa

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14
Q

Consists of two layers of smooth muscle

  • inner layer encircles the tract while the outer layer turn longitudinally
  • this layer regularly contracts and relaxes to propel food through the digestive tract
A

Muscularis

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15
Q

Outmost layer, covers portions of the digestive tract within the peritoneal cavity

A

Serosa

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16
Q

Which network of nerves innervates the digestive system

A

Enteric Nervous System (ENS0

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17
Q

The functions of the ENS ( part of the autonomic nervous system)

A
  • regulates digestive tract motility
  • secretion
  • blood flow
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18
Q

Organs that are enclosed by mesentary on both sides, placing them ______ in the peritoneal cavity

A

Intraperitoneal

Stomach and liver

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19
Q

Organs that lie against the dorsal abdominal wall, mesentray only covers the ventral portion making them _______

A

Retroperitoneal

Duodenum and pancreas

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20
Q

Layers of visceral peritonmeum that suspend the digestive organs within the abdominal cavity while anchoring them loosely to the abdominal wall
- they contain blood vessels, nerves, lymoathic vessels and lymph nodes that supply the digestive tract

A

Mesenteries

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21
Q

The acummulation of fluid from disease or trauma in the peritoneal cavity is called

A

Ascites

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22
Q

Oral or buccal cavity

A

Mouth

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23
Q

Skeletal muscle covered by a mucous membrane, it repositions food in the mouth during chewing and it also contains taste buds within projections called lingual papillae

A

Tongue

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24
Q

A fold of mucous memebrane anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth, numerous blood vessels populate the floor of the mouth, making this an ideal site for soluble drugs

A

Lingual frenulum

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25
Formed by portions of the maxillae and palatine bones, separates themouth from the nasal cavity
Hard palate
26
Consists of mostly skeletal muscle, forms an arch between the mouth and nasopharynx
Soft palate
27
Cone shaped process that hangs downward from the soft palate
Uvula
28
Which enzymes in saliva begin the digestion process
Amylase breaks down startch | Lipase begins digestion of fat
29
A clear fluid consisting mostly of water but also containing mucus (an enzyme that kills bacteria, antibacterial compounds,electrolytes and two digestive enzymes
Saliva
30
This gland lie underneath the skin anterior to the ear, its duct drains saliva to an area near the second upper molar Mumps virus causes swelling and inflammation of this gland
Parotid gland
31
Empties into the mouth on either side o the lingual frenulum
Submandibular gland
32
When food enters the mouth and is chewed
Mastication
33
Adult mouth has how many teeth
32
34
Which parts of the pharynx does food moves through
Oropharynx and laryngopharnyx
35
Connecting the pharynx to the stomach
Esophagus
36
Swelling requires the coordination of 22 muscles in the mouth, pharynx and esophagus, all controlled by nerve impulses send from the medulla oblongata and pons
True
37
A musculsar sphincter that helps prevent the back flow of stomach acid into the esophagus
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
38
A muscular sac whose primary function is to store food
Stomach
39
A semi-fluid mixture that results from the stomach contracting and churning to break food into small particles and mix with gastric juices
Chyme
40
Chyme leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum by passing through
Pyloric sphincter
41
Four regions of the stomach
- cardia - Fundus - Body - Pylorus
42
The gastric mucosa contains depressions called
Gastric pits
43
These glands secrete the various components of
Gastric juice
44
The stomach empties in less than 4 hours =liquid meal or more than 6 hours following a high fat meal
True
45
Secretes mucus, which protects the stomach lining and keeps the stomach from digesting itself
Mucous cells
46
Secrete hydrochlroic acid and intrinsic factor ( which is necessary for absorption of vitamin b 12) and also helps kill microbes in swallowed food
Pariteal cells
47
Secrete digestive enzymes such as Pepsinogen
Cheif cells
48
Secrete hormones gherlin (which stimulates the hypothalmus in the brain to increase appetite) and gastrin (digestive function )
Enteroendocrine cells
49
Three phases of gastric secretion
Cephalic Gastric Intestinal
50
Crater-like sores or ulceration in the lining of the stomach or duodenum are called
Peptic ulcers
51
The body's largest gland, it fills the upper right abdomen below the diaphragm Performs over 250 tasks including storing and releasing glucose, processing vitamins and minerals, filtering toxins and recycling old blood cells.
Liver
52
Four lobes of the liver
Right lobe Left lobe Caudate Quadrate
53
What superheated the right and left lobes
Falciform ligament
54
What are the functional units of the liver
6 hepatic lobules
55
Tiny canals that carry bile secreted by hepatocytes
Canaliculi
56
A sac attached to the underside of the liver that stores and secertes bile
Gallbladder
57
The main bile pigment
Bilirubin
58
The most important component of bile
Bile salts
59
Hard masses that form inside the gallbladder because of excessive cholesterol in the bile
Gallstones
60
Lies behind that stomach | Endocrine and exocrine gland
Pancreas
61
Secrete digestive enzymes in an inactive form, once activated in the duodenum the enzymes help break down pipes, proteins, carbohydrates
Acinar cells
62
What hormones stimaule the secretion of bile and pancreatic juice
Vagusnerve Cholecystokinin Gastric Secretion
63
Most of the chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs here
Small intestine
64
Three divisions of the small intestine
1. duodenum 2. jejunum 3. ilium
65
The first 10 inches of the small intestine Recovered chyme from the stomach as well as pancreatic juices and bile Stomach acid is neutralizes an pancreatic enzymesbegin the task of chemical digestion
Duodenum
66
Constitutes the next 8 feet of small intestine | Ideal location for nutrient absorption
Jejunum
67
The last 12 feet of intestine | Clusters of lympoathetic nodules Peyers Partches are scattered throughout
Ileum
68
The major classes of digestions and absorption
Carbs, proteins and fats
69
Sartches and glycogen
Polysaccharides
70
Lactose, sucrose and maltose
Disaccharides
71
Glucose, fructose, galactose
Monosaccharides
72
Enzymes that breaks down protein and is only in the stomach and small intestine
Proteases
73
The process that breaks down fats
Emulsification
74
Absorbs large amount of water from the residue before passing the resulting waste material out of the body
Large intestine
75
Result from the increased tone of smooth muscle of muscularies layer
Haustra
76
In which phase of digestion do enzymes break down food into particles cells can absorb
Chemical digestion
77
The layer of the digestive tract that contacts and relaxes to propel food forward is the
Muscularis
78
Which mescentrary hangs over the small intestine like an apron
Greater omentum
79
Which enzyme acts in the mouth to begin the breakdown of starch
Amylase
80
The muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach is the
Esophagus
81
How do triglycerides enter the bloodstream
They enters the lacteal and travel through the lymphatic system to enter the bloodstream
82
What is the purpose of ruage
Allow the stomach to expand
83
Which of the following acts as an initial trigger to the stomach to begin secereting gastric juice
The smell of food
84
Which pancreatic cells secrete digestive enzymes
Acinar cells
85
Most nutrients are absorbed in the
Small intestine
86
Where is most fat digested
Duodenum

Anatomy & Physiology 165 (12 decks)

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