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Anatomy & Physiology 165 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Consist of the digestive tract as well as the accessory organs

A

Digestive system

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2
Q

A tube that extends from the mouth to the anus containing several distinct sections

A

Digestive tract

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3
Q

The digestive tract includes:

A
  • mouth
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • large and small intestine
  • rectum
  • anus
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4
Q

The accessory organs include the

A
  • teeth
  • tongue
  • salivary glands
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • gallbladder
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5
Q

Separate organs that aid in digestion

A

Accessory organs

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6
Q

Breaks down food both physically and chemically and transforms it into a substance that cells can use

A

Digestion

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7
Q

Food material inside the digestive tract is considered to be external to the body

A

True

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8
Q

First phase of digestion. It involves physically breaking down food into smaller pieces.
Begins with chewing in mouth and continuing with contractions and churning in the stomach and small intestines

A

Mechanical digestion

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9
Q

Second phase of digestion uses digestive enzymes produced in the salivary glands, stomach, pancreas and small intestines to break down food particles into nutrients that cells can use
-glucose, amino acids, fatty acids

A

Chemical digestion

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10
Q

Food that isn’t digested or absorbed becomes waste and is eliminated from the body

A

True

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11
Q

Four layers of tissue that make up the walls of the digestive tract

A
  1. mucosa
  2. submucosa
  3. Muscularias
  4. serosa
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12
Q

The innermost layer, consists of 3 layers of its own

  • inner layer of epithelium
  • layer of loose connective tissue
  • thin layer of smooth muscle
A

Mucosa

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13
Q

Thicker layer of connective tissue

Contains glands, blood vessels, lympathetic vessels and nerves

A

Submucosa

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14
Q

Consists of two layers of smooth muscle

  • inner layer encircles the tract while the outer layer turn longitudinally
  • this layer regularly contracts and relaxes to propel food through the digestive tract
A

Muscularis

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15
Q

Outmost layer, covers portions of the digestive tract within the peritoneal cavity

A

Serosa

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16
Q

Which network of nerves innervates the digestive system

A

Enteric Nervous System (ENS0

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17
Q

The functions of the ENS ( part of the autonomic nervous system)

A
  • regulates digestive tract motility
  • secretion
  • blood flow
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18
Q

Organs that are enclosed by mesentary on both sides, placing them ______ in the peritoneal cavity

A

Intraperitoneal

Stomach and liver

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19
Q

Organs that lie against the dorsal abdominal wall, mesentray only covers the ventral portion making them _______

A

Retroperitoneal

Duodenum and pancreas

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20
Q

Layers of visceral peritonmeum that suspend the digestive organs within the abdominal cavity while anchoring them loosely to the abdominal wall
- they contain blood vessels, nerves, lymoathic vessels and lymph nodes that supply the digestive tract

A

Mesenteries

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21
Q

The acummulation of fluid from disease or trauma in the peritoneal cavity is called

A

Ascites

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22
Q

Oral or buccal cavity

A

Mouth

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23
Q

Skeletal muscle covered by a mucous membrane, it repositions food in the mouth during chewing and it also contains taste buds within projections called lingual papillae

A

Tongue

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24
Q

A fold of mucous memebrane anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth, numerous blood vessels populate the floor of the mouth, making this an ideal site for soluble drugs

A

Lingual frenulum

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25
Q

Formed by portions of the maxillae and palatine bones, separates themouth from the nasal cavity

A

Hard palate

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26
Q

Consists of mostly skeletal muscle, forms an arch between the mouth and nasopharynx

A

Soft palate

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27
Q

Cone shaped process that hangs downward from the soft palate

A

Uvula

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28
Q

Which enzymes in saliva begin the digestion process

A

Amylase breaks down startch

Lipase begins digestion of fat

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29
Q

A clear fluid consisting mostly of water but also containing mucus (an enzyme that kills bacteria, antibacterial compounds,electrolytes and two digestive enzymes

A

Saliva

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30
Q

This gland lie underneath the skin anterior to the ear, its duct drains saliva to an area near the second upper molar
Mumps virus causes swelling and inflammation of this gland

A

Parotid gland

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31
Q

Empties into the mouth on either side o the lingual frenulum

A

Submandibular gland

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32
Q

When food enters the mouth and is chewed

A

Mastication

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33
Q

Adult mouth has how many teeth

A

32

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34
Q

Which parts of the pharynx does food moves through

A

Oropharynx and laryngopharnyx

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35
Q

Connecting the pharynx to the stomach

A

Esophagus

36
Q

Swelling requires the coordination of 22 muscles in the mouth, pharynx and esophagus, all controlled by nerve impulses send from the medulla oblongata and pons

A

True

37
Q

A musculsar sphincter that helps prevent the back flow of stomach acid into the esophagus

A

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

38
Q

A muscular sac whose primary function is to store food

A

Stomach

39
Q

A semi-fluid mixture that results from the stomach contracting and churning to break food into small particles and mix with gastric juices

A

Chyme

40
Q

Chyme leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum by passing through

A

Pyloric sphincter

41
Q

Four regions of the stomach

A
  • cardia
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Pylorus
42
Q

The gastric mucosa contains depressions called

A

Gastric pits

43
Q

These glands secrete the various components of

A

Gastric juice

44
Q

The stomach empties in less than 4 hours =liquid meal or more than 6 hours following a high fat meal

A

True

45
Q

Secretes mucus, which protects the stomach lining and keeps the stomach from digesting itself

A

Mucous cells

46
Q

Secrete hydrochlroic acid and intrinsic factor ( which is necessary for absorption of vitamin b 12) and also helps kill microbes in swallowed food

A

Pariteal cells

47
Q

Secrete digestive enzymes such as Pepsinogen

A

Cheif cells

48
Q

Secrete hormones gherlin (which stimulates the hypothalmus in the brain to increase appetite) and gastrin (digestive function )

A

Enteroendocrine cells

49
Q

Three phases of gastric secretion

A

Cephalic
Gastric
Intestinal

50
Q

Crater-like sores or ulceration in the lining of the stomach or duodenum are called

A

Peptic ulcers

51
Q

The body’s largest gland, it fills the upper right abdomen below the diaphragm
Performs over 250 tasks including storing and releasing glucose, processing vitamins and minerals, filtering toxins and recycling old blood cells.

A

Liver

52
Q

Four lobes of the liver

A

Right lobe
Left lobe
Caudate
Quadrate

53
Q

What superheated the right and left lobes

A

Falciform ligament

54
Q

What are the functional units of the liver

A

6 hepatic lobules

55
Q

Tiny canals that carry bile secreted by hepatocytes

A

Canaliculi

56
Q

A sac attached to the underside of the liver that stores and secertes bile

A

Gallbladder

57
Q

The main bile pigment

A

Bilirubin

58
Q

The most important component of bile

A

Bile salts

59
Q

Hard masses that form inside the gallbladder because of excessive cholesterol in the bile

A

Gallstones

60
Q

Lies behind that stomach

Endocrine and exocrine gland

A

Pancreas

61
Q

Secrete digestive enzymes in an inactive form, once activated in the duodenum the enzymes help break down pipes, proteins, carbohydrates

A

Acinar cells

62
Q

What hormones stimaule the secretion of bile and pancreatic juice

A

Vagusnerve
Cholecystokinin
Gastric
Secretion

63
Q

Most of the chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs here

A

Small intestine

64
Q

Three divisions of the small intestine

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ilium
65
Q

The first 10 inches of the small intestine
Recovered chyme from the stomach as well as pancreatic juices and bile
Stomach acid is neutralizes an pancreatic enzymesbegin the task of chemical digestion

A

Duodenum

66
Q

Constitutes the next 8 feet of small intestine

Ideal location for nutrient absorption

A

Jejunum

67
Q

The last 12 feet of intestine

Clusters of lympoathetic nodules Peyers Partches are scattered throughout

A

Ileum

68
Q

The major classes of digestions and absorption

A

Carbs, proteins and fats

69
Q

Sartches and glycogen

A

Polysaccharides

70
Q

Lactose, sucrose and maltose

A

Disaccharides

71
Q

Glucose, fructose, galactose

A

Monosaccharides

72
Q

Enzymes that breaks down protein and is only in the stomach and small intestine

A

Proteases

73
Q

The process that breaks down fats

A

Emulsification

74
Q

Absorbs large amount of water from the residue before passing the resulting waste material out of the body

A

Large intestine

75
Q

Result from the increased tone of smooth muscle of muscularies layer

A

Haustra

76
Q

In which phase of digestion do enzymes break down food into particles cells can absorb

A

Chemical digestion

77
Q

The layer of the digestive tract that contacts and relaxes to propel food forward is the

A

Muscularis

78
Q

Which mescentrary hangs over the small intestine like an apron

A

Greater omentum

79
Q

Which enzyme acts in the mouth to begin the breakdown of starch

A

Amylase

80
Q

The muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach is the

A

Esophagus

81
Q

How do triglycerides enter the bloodstream

A

They enters the lacteal and travel through the lymphatic system to enter the bloodstream

82
Q

What is the purpose of ruage

A

Allow the stomach to expand

83
Q

Which of the following acts as an initial trigger to the stomach to begin secereting gastric juice

A

The smell of food

84
Q

Which pancreatic cells secrete digestive enzymes

A

Acinar cells

85
Q

Most nutrients are absorbed in the

A

Small intestine

86
Q

Where is most fat digested

A

Duodenum

Anatomy & Physiology 165 (12 decks)

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