Urinary System

Question 1

What is the blood flow through the kidneys?

Answer 1

Renal artery->Segmental artery->interlobar artery->arcuate artery->cortical radiate artery->afferent arterioles->glomerulus->efferent arteriole->peritubular capsule->venules->cortical radiate vein->arcuate vein->interlobar vein->renal vein->inferior vena cava

Question 2

Where is blood actually filtered in the kidneys?

Answer 2

Glomerulus

Question 3

What is the functional unit of kidney?

Answer 3

nephron

Question 4

Where is the nephron actually located?

Final question

Answer 4

renal cortex

Question 5

The glomerulus is ____ actually part of the _______ but instead part of the _________ __________.

Answer 5

The glomerulus is not actually part of the nephron but instead part of the blood vessels.

Question 6

The _____________ __________ is part of the nephron.

Answer 6

Bowman’s Capsule or glomerular capsule

Question 7

________+_________=renal corpulus?

Answer 7

Bowman’s capsule + glomerulus

Question 8

What collects in the capsular space in Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 8

Anything small enough to pass through the filtration membrane

Question 9

What are the 3 renal tubules?

Answer 9

Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of hence
Distal convoluted tubule

Question 10

What are the functions of the renal tube?

*******

Answer 10

PCT=Reabsorption
LOH=Concentrate the urine
DCT=secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins

Question 11

The nephron can only do 3 things, what are they?

Answer 11

Filtration
reabsorption
secretion

Question 12

Where does filtration occur?

Answer 12

in Bowman’s capsule

Question 13

Where does reabsorption occur?

Answer 13

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 14

Where does secretion occur?

Answer 14

In Distal convoluted tubule

Question 15

Under the influence of _______ can the distal convoluted tubule reabsorb?

Answer 15

Hormones

Question 16

What are the hormones in which the distal convoluted tubule reabsorb?

Answer 16

Anti-diuretic hormone
Aldosterone
Parathyroid hormone

Question 17

Where is ADH made?

Answer 17

Posterior pituitary

Question 18

Where is aldosterone made?

Answer 18

in adrenal cortex

Question 19

Where is parathyroid hormone made?

Answer 19

parathyroid

Question 20

What is the main function of loop of Henle?

Answer 20

To concentrate urine

Question 21

The decending limb of loop of Henle is only permeable to what?

Answer 21

Water

Question 22

The ascending limb of loop of Henle does what?

Answer 22

Pumps NaCl- into interstial fluid

Question 23

What is the only part of a nephron that descends into renal medulla?

Answer 23

Loop of Henle

Question 24

What are the functions of the kidneys?

Answer 24

Excretions 
Regulates-
blood ion concentration
extracellular fluid
blood cell synthesis
Vitamin D production

Question 25

What is the functional unit of kidney?

Answer 25

nephron

Question 26

What are the two types of nephrons?

Answer 26

Cortical nephrons | juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 27

What type of nephron is located in the cortex and is the shorter version of loop of henle?

Answer 27

cortical nephrons

Question 28

What type of nephron has a LONG loop of henle and it's main function is to concentrate urine

Answer 28

juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 29

What are the two capillary beds in nephrons?

Answer 29

glomerulus | peritubular capillaries

Question 30

What are the two parts of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 30

juxtaglomerular cells | Macula dense cells

Question 31

Where are juxtaglomerular cells located?

Answer 31

afferent arteriole

Question 32

Where are macula densa cells located?

Answer 32

distal convoluted tubule

Question 33

What secretes erythropoietin and renin?

Answer 33

Juxtaglomerular appartatuc

Question 34

What stimulated RBC production?

Answer 34

erythropoietin

Question 35

What does renin do?

Answer 35

converts angiotenisogen 1 to angiotensinogen 2

Question 36

What converts angiotensinogen 2 to angiotensin 1?

Answer 36

ACE

Question 37

What does Angiotensinogen 2 do?

Answer 37

``` Powerful vasoconstrictor Stimulates- release of aldosterone ADH release thirst ```

Question 38

What is urine produced by?

Answer 38

filration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

Question 39

What is glomerular filtration rate? | ***

Answer 39

amount of filtrate produced per min

Question 40

What is filtration reabsorbed by?

Answer 40

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, symport, and antiport ***everything you learned about

Question 41

What does atrial natriuretic hormone do?

Answer 41

drops BP | Inhibits reabsorption in kidneys

Question 42

What is the urinary bladder made of? | **

Answer 42

transitional epithelum

Question 43

What type of smooth muscle motion moves urine through the ureters?

Answer 43

peristalisis

Question 44

When you have to pee, what reflex is working?

Answer 44

Micturtion reflex

Question 45

What stimulates the micturtion reflex?

Answer 45

stretching of urinary bladder

Question 46

In regards to body fluid, if more goes in then?

Answer 46

more goes out

Question 47

In regards to ECF and ICF which one does the body have control over?

Answer 47

ECF

Question 48

What is a result of increased osmolarity or large decrease in blood pressure?

Answer 48

Increased thirst

Question 49

What occurs from a decrease in extracellular osmolarity?

Answer 49

Inhibits thirst and decreases ADH secretion

Question 50

If CA levels are too low, what hormone goes into effect?

Answer 50

parathyroid hormone

Question 51

Where does parathyroid hormone work?

Answer 51

at the distal convoluted tubule and large intestine

Question 52

If CA levels are too high, what hormone goes into effect?

Answer 52

Calcitonin

Question 53

What part of the body does calcitonin work?

Answer 53

Osteoclast and large intestine

Question 54

What is hyper-Kalcemia?

Answer 54

Increase in calcium

Question 55

What is hypo-Kalcemia?

Answer 55

A decrease in calcium

Question 56

What responds almost instantaneously to changes in PH?

Answer 56

buffer

Question 57

As CO levels increase, ph does what?

Answer 57

decreases

Question 58

As CO levels decrease, ph does what?

Answer 58

increases

Question 59

What does PH effect?

Answer 59

respiratory centers