Urinary System Flashcards
What is the blood flow through the kidneys?
Renal artery->Segmental artery->interlobar artery->arcuate artery->cortical radiate artery->afferent arterioles->glomerulus->efferent arteriole->peritubular capsule->venules->cortical radiate vein->arcuate vein->interlobar vein->renal vein->inferior vena cava
Where is blood actually filtered in the kidneys?
Glomerulus
What is the functional unit of kidney?
nephron
Where is the nephron actually located?
Final question
renal cortex
The glomerulus is ____ actually part of the _______ but instead part of the _________ __________.
The glomerulus is not actually part of the nephron but instead part of the blood vessels.
The _____________ __________ is part of the nephron.
Bowman’s Capsule or glomerular capsule
________+_________=renal corpulus?
Bowman’s capsule + glomerulus
What collects in the capsular space in Bowman’s capsule?
Anything small enough to pass through the filtration membrane
What are the 3 renal tubules?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of hence
Distal convoluted tubule
What are the functions of the renal tube?
*******
PCT=Reabsorption
LOH=Concentrate the urine
DCT=secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins
The nephron can only do 3 things, what are they?
Filtration
reabsorption
secretion
Where does filtration occur?
in Bowman’s capsule
Where does reabsorption occur?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Where does secretion occur?
In Distal convoluted tubule
Under the influence of _______ can the distal convoluted tubule reabsorb?
Hormones
What are the hormones in which the distal convoluted tubule reabsorb?
Anti-diuretic hormone
Aldosterone
Parathyroid hormone
Where is ADH made?
Posterior pituitary
Where is aldosterone made?
in adrenal cortex
Where is parathyroid hormone made?
parathyroid
What is the main function of loop of Henle?
To concentrate urine
The decending limb of loop of Henle is only permeable to what?
Water
The ascending limb of loop of Henle does what?
Pumps NaCl- into interstial fluid
What is the only part of a nephron that descends into renal medulla?
Loop of Henle
What are the functions of the kidneys?
Excretions Regulates- blood ion concentration extracellular fluid blood cell synthesis Vitamin D production
What is the functional unit of kidney?
nephron
What are the two types of nephrons?
Cortical nephrons
juxtamedullary nephrons
What type of nephron is located in the cortex and is the shorter version of loop of henle?
cortical nephrons
What type of nephron has a LONG loop of henle and it’s main function is to concentrate urine
juxtamedullary nephrons
What are the two capillary beds in nephrons?
glomerulus
peritubular capillaries
What are the two parts of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
juxtaglomerular cells
Macula dense cells
Where are juxtaglomerular cells located?
afferent arteriole
Where are macula densa cells located?
distal convoluted tubule
What secretes erythropoietin and renin?
Juxtaglomerular appartatuc
What stimulated RBC production?
erythropoietin
What does renin do?
converts angiotenisogen 1 to angiotensinogen 2
What converts angiotensinogen 2 to angiotensin 1?
ACE
What does Angiotensinogen 2 do?
Powerful vasoconstrictor Stimulates- release of aldosterone ADH release thirst
What is urine produced by?
filration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
What is glomerular filtration rate?
***
amount of filtrate produced per min
What is filtration reabsorbed by?
diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, symport, and antiport
***everything you learned about
What does atrial natriuretic hormone do?
drops BP
Inhibits reabsorption in kidneys
What is the urinary bladder made of?
**
transitional epithelum
What type of smooth muscle motion moves urine through the ureters?
peristalisis
When you have to pee, what reflex is working?
Micturtion reflex
What stimulates the micturtion reflex?
stretching of urinary bladder
In regards to body fluid, if more goes in then?
more goes out
In regards to ECF and ICF which one does the body have control over?
ECF
What is a result of increased osmolarity or large decrease in blood pressure?
Increased thirst
What occurs from a decrease in extracellular osmolarity?
Inhibits thirst and decreases ADH secretion
If CA levels are too low, what hormone goes into effect?
parathyroid hormone
Where does parathyroid hormone work?
at the distal convoluted tubule and large intestine
If CA levels are too high, what hormone goes into effect?
Calcitonin
What part of the body does calcitonin work?
Osteoclast and large intestine
What is hyper-Kalcemia?
Increase in calcium
What is hypo-Kalcemia?
A decrease in calcium
What responds almost instantaneously to changes in PH?
buffer
As CO levels increase, ph does what?
decreases
As CO levels decrease, ph does what?
increases
What does PH effect?
respiratory centers
