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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the blood flow through the kidneys?

A

Renal artery->Segmental artery->interlobar artery->arcuate artery->cortical radiate artery->afferent arterioles->glomerulus->efferent arteriole->peritubular capsule->venules->cortical radiate vein->arcuate vein->interlobar vein->renal vein->inferior vena cava

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2
Q

Where is blood actually filtered in the kidneys?

A

Glomerulus

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3
Q

What is the functional unit of kidney?

A

nephron

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4
Q

Where is the nephron actually located?

Final question

A

renal cortex

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5
Q

The glomerulus is ____ actually part of the _______ but instead part of the _________ __________.

A

The glomerulus is not actually part of the nephron but instead part of the blood vessels.

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6
Q

The _____________ __________ is part of the nephron.

A

Bowman’s Capsule or glomerular capsule

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7
Q

________+_________=renal corpulus?

A

Bowman’s capsule + glomerulus

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8
Q

What collects in the capsular space in Bowman’s capsule?

A

Anything small enough to pass through the filtration membrane

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9
Q

What are the 3 renal tubules?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of hence
Distal convoluted tubule

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10
Q

What are the functions of the renal tube?

*******

A

PCT=Reabsorption
LOH=Concentrate the urine
DCT=secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins

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11
Q

The nephron can only do 3 things, what are they?

A

Filtration
reabsorption
secretion

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12
Q

Where does filtration occur?

A

in Bowman’s capsule

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13
Q

Where does reabsorption occur?

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

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14
Q

Where does secretion occur?

A

In Distal convoluted tubule

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15
Q

Under the influence of _______ can the distal convoluted tubule reabsorb?

A

Hormones

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16
Q

What are the hormones in which the distal convoluted tubule reabsorb?

A

Anti-diuretic hormone
Aldosterone
Parathyroid hormone

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17
Q

Where is ADH made?

A

Posterior pituitary

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18
Q

Where is aldosterone made?

A

in adrenal cortex

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19
Q

Where is parathyroid hormone made?

A

parathyroid

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20
Q

What is the main function of loop of Henle?

A

To concentrate urine

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21
Q

The decending limb of loop of Henle is only permeable to what?

A

Water

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22
Q

The ascending limb of loop of Henle does what?

A

Pumps NaCl- into interstial fluid

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23
Q

What is the only part of a nephron that descends into renal medulla?

A

Loop of Henle

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24
Q

What are the functions of the kidneys?

A 
Excretions 
Regulates-
blood ion concentration
extracellular fluid
blood cell synthesis
Vitamin D production
25
Q

What is the functional unit of kidney?

A

nephron

26
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A

Cortical nephrons

juxtamedullary nephrons

27
Q

What type of nephron is located in the cortex and is the shorter version of loop of henle?

A

cortical nephrons

28
Q

What type of nephron has a LONG loop of henle and it’s main function is to concentrate urine

A

juxtamedullary nephrons

29
Q

What are the two capillary beds in nephrons?

A

glomerulus

peritubular capillaries

30
Q

What are the two parts of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

juxtaglomerular cells

Macula dense cells

31
Q

Where are juxtaglomerular cells located?

A

afferent arteriole

32
Q

Where are macula densa cells located?

A

distal convoluted tubule

33
Q

What secretes erythropoietin and renin?

A

Juxtaglomerular appartatuc

34
Q

What stimulated RBC production?

A

erythropoietin

35
Q

What does renin do?

A

converts angiotenisogen 1 to angiotensinogen 2

36
Q

What converts angiotensinogen 2 to angiotensin 1?

A

ACE

37
Q

What does Angiotensinogen 2 do?

A 
Powerful vasoconstrictor
Stimulates-
release of aldosterone
ADH release
thirst
38
Q

What is urine produced by?

A

filration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion

39
Q

What is glomerular filtration rate?

***

A

amount of filtrate produced per min

40
Q

What is filtration reabsorbed by?

A

diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, symport, and antiport

***everything you learned about

41
Q

What does atrial natriuretic hormone do?

A

drops BP

Inhibits reabsorption in kidneys

42
Q

What is the urinary bladder made of?

**

A

transitional epithelum

43
Q

What type of smooth muscle motion moves urine through the ureters?

A

peristalisis

44
Q

When you have to pee, what reflex is working?

A

Micturtion reflex

45
Q

What stimulates the micturtion reflex?

A

stretching of urinary bladder

46
Q

In regards to body fluid, if more goes in then?

A

more goes out

47
Q

In regards to ECF and ICF which one does the body have control over?

A

ECF

48
Q

What is a result of increased osmolarity or large decrease in blood pressure?

A

Increased thirst

49
Q

What occurs from a decrease in extracellular osmolarity?

A

Inhibits thirst and decreases ADH secretion

50
Q

If CA levels are too low, what hormone goes into effect?

A

parathyroid hormone

51
Q

Where does parathyroid hormone work?

A

at the distal convoluted tubule and large intestine

52
Q

If CA levels are too high, what hormone goes into effect?

A

Calcitonin

53
Q

What part of the body does calcitonin work?

A

Osteoclast and large intestine

54
Q

What is hyper-Kalcemia?

A

Increase in calcium

55
Q

What is hypo-Kalcemia?

A

A decrease in calcium

56
Q

What responds almost instantaneously to changes in PH?

A

buffer

57
Q

As CO levels increase, ph does what?

A

decreases

58
Q

As CO levels decrease, ph does what?

A

increases

59
Q

What does PH effect?

A

respiratory centers

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (11 decks)

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