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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > The Respiratory System > Flashcards

The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What is pulmonary respiration?

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A

Movement in and out of the lungs

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2
Q

what is internal respiration?

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A

once gases pass through the plasma membrane

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3
Q

What is cellular respiration?

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A

when cells use O2 in ATP

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4
Q

what is external respiration?

A

exchange of gas in lungs and transport of those gases

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5
Q

What are the structures associated with voice production?

A

vocal chords and larynx

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6
Q

What are the structures in the upper respiratory tract?

A

external nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and associated structures

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7
Q

What are the structures of the lower respiratory tract?

A

larynx, trachea, the bronchi and the lungs

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8
Q

How does air flow through the respiratory tract?

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A

External nares->Nasal chonci->pharynx->larynx->trachea->1st bronchi->2nd bronchi->3rd bronchi->bronchioles->terminal bronchioles->respiratory bronchioles->alveolar ducts->alveolar sacs->alveoli

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9
Q

What are the 3 functions of nasal cavity?

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A

warm air
humidify air
filter air

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10
Q

What are the 3 segments of the pharynx from anterior or posterior?

A

nasopharynx
oropharnyx
laryngiopharynx

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11
Q

What is the atomical name for adam’s apple?

A

laryngeal prominence

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12
Q

What are the bones which make up the hard palate?

**

A

2 anterior maxilla bones

2 posterior palentine bones

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13
Q

What is the function of tracheal cartilage?

A

support, structure, to keep trachea from collapsing

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14
Q

What is the epithelial tissue lining the trachea?

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A

psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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15
Q

What is the conducting zone of air through respiratory tact?

A

Nasal cavity->pharynx->larynx->trachea->1st bronchi->2nd bronchi->smaller bronchi->bronchioles->terminal branches

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16
Q

What is the respiratory zone of air through respiratory tract?

A

Respiratory bronchiole->Alveolar ducts->alveolar sacs->alveoli

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17
Q

Where else does gas exchange occur in respiratory tract?

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A

alveolus

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18
Q

When does gas exchange begin in Respiratory sac?

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A

Respiratory bronchiole

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19
Q

Is the pleural cavity a true body cavity?

A

no

20
Q

What type of epithelial tissue lines alveolar walls?

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A

simple squamous epithelium

21
Q

What are the 2 circuits of the pulmonary system?

A

Pulmonary and bronchial

22
Q

What is Boyl’s law?

A

Pressure is inversely proportionate to volume

23
Q

What is Boyle’s law’s formula?

A

P=1/v

24
Q

If volume is decreased, pressure will ________?

A

increase

25
Q

If volume is increased, pressure will _________?

A

decrease

26
Q

What does Henry’s law concern?

A

how gas is dissolved in bood

27
Q

According to Henry’s law, if pressure is increased, more gas is __________. Like wise if pressure is decreased, more gas is ___________.

A

If pressure is increased, more gas is dissolved.

If pressure is decreased, more gas will release

28
Q

What is Dalton’s law?

A

the air we breath is a compilation of gases

29
Q

What is tital volume?

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A

volume of air taken in at rest

30
Q

What is average tital volume?

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A

500 ml of air

31
Q

What is residual volume?

A

volume of air that remains in lungs after exhale

32
Q

What is vital compacity?****

A

tital volume + expiratory reserve volume + inspiratory reserve volume

33
Q

What is total lung compacity?

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A

Tital volume + Ispiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + Residual volume

34
Q

What is minute volume?

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A

tital volume + respiratory rate

35
Q

What is dead space in the respiratory tract?

A

areas of the respiratory system in which gas exchange doesn’t take place

36
Q

What is the formula for dead space?

A

Alveolar ventilation -tital volume

37
Q

What is the formula for gas exchange in tissues?

A

C02+H20->H3CO3->H+ + HCO3

38
Q

If hydrogen content in the blood increases, what will be affected?

A

chemoreceptors

39
Q

If hydrogen content in the blood decreases, what will be affected?

A

Hemoglobin will release 02

40
Q

What is the chloride shift?

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A

Bicarconate ion will be exchanged for another anion of CL-

41
Q

How much co2 is transported via bicarbonate ion?

A

70%

42
Q

How much CO2 is chemically bound to global portion of hemoglobin?

A

23%

43
Q

How much CO2 is dissolved in blood?

A

7%

44
Q

What is the Bohr effect?

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A

When H+ combines with hemoglobin which promotes a release of 02 from hemoglobin

45
Q

What is the haldane effect?

A

Hemoglobin that is bound to O2 readily releases CO2

46
Q

What is the difference between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation?

A

Minute ventilation-tital volume x respiratory rate
Alveolar ventilation-
AV=respiratory rate x (tital volume - dead space)

47
Q

What are the two factors that keep lungs from collapsing?

A

surfactant and pleural pressure

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (11 decks)

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