The Respiratory System Flashcards
What is pulmonary respiration?
*****
Movement in and out of the lungs
what is internal respiration?
*****
once gases pass through the plasma membrane
What is cellular respiration?
*******
when cells use O2 in ATP
what is external respiration?
exchange of gas in lungs and transport of those gases
What are the structures associated with voice production?
vocal chords and larynx
What are the structures in the upper respiratory tract?
external nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and associated structures
What are the structures of the lower respiratory tract?
larynx, trachea, the bronchi and the lungs
How does air flow through the respiratory tract?
*******
External nares->Nasal chonci->pharynx->larynx->trachea->1st bronchi->2nd bronchi->3rd bronchi->bronchioles->terminal bronchioles->respiratory bronchioles->alveolar ducts->alveolar sacs->alveoli
What are the 3 functions of nasal cavity?
**
warm air
humidify air
filter air
What are the 3 segments of the pharynx from anterior or posterior?
nasopharynx
oropharnyx
laryngiopharynx
What is the atomical name for adam’s apple?
laryngeal prominence
What are the bones which make up the hard palate?
**
2 anterior maxilla bones
2 posterior palentine bones
What is the function of tracheal cartilage?
support, structure, to keep trachea from collapsing
What is the epithelial tissue lining the trachea?
****
psuedostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
What is the conducting zone of air through respiratory tact?
Nasal cavity->pharynx->larynx->trachea->1st bronchi->2nd bronchi->smaller bronchi->bronchioles->terminal branches
What is the respiratory zone of air through respiratory tract?
Respiratory bronchiole->Alveolar ducts->alveolar sacs->alveoli
Where else does gas exchange occur in respiratory tract?
**
alveolus
When does gas exchange begin in Respiratory sac?
***
Respiratory bronchiole
Is the pleural cavity a true body cavity?
no
What type of epithelial tissue lines alveolar walls?
****
simple squamous epithelium
What are the 2 circuits of the pulmonary system?
Pulmonary and bronchial
What is Boyl’s law?
Pressure is inversely proportionate to volume
What is Boyle’s law’s formula?
P=1/v
If volume is decreased, pressure will ________?
increase
If volume is increased, pressure will _________?
decrease
What does Henry’s law concern?
how gas is dissolved in bood
According to Henry’s law, if pressure is increased, more gas is __________. Like wise if pressure is decreased, more gas is ___________.
If pressure is increased, more gas is dissolved.
If pressure is decreased, more gas will release
What is Dalton’s law?
the air we breath is a compilation of gases
What is tital volume?
**
volume of air taken in at rest
What is average tital volume?
*****
500 ml of air
What is residual volume?
volume of air that remains in lungs after exhale
What is vital compacity?****
tital volume + expiratory reserve volume + inspiratory reserve volume
What is total lung compacity?
***
Tital volume + Ispiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume + Residual volume
What is minute volume?
*****
tital volume + respiratory rate
What is dead space in the respiratory tract?
areas of the respiratory system in which gas exchange doesn’t take place
What is the formula for dead space?
Alveolar ventilation -tital volume
What is the formula for gas exchange in tissues?
C02+H20->H3CO3->H+ + HCO3
If hydrogen content in the blood increases, what will be affected?
chemoreceptors
If hydrogen content in the blood decreases, what will be affected?
Hemoglobin will release 02
What is the chloride shift?
***
Bicarconate ion will be exchanged for another anion of CL-
How much co2 is transported via bicarbonate ion?
70%
How much CO2 is chemically bound to global portion of hemoglobin?
23%
How much CO2 is dissolved in blood?
7%
What is the Bohr effect?
*******
When H+ combines with hemoglobin which promotes a release of 02 from hemoglobin
What is the haldane effect?
Hemoglobin that is bound to O2 readily releases CO2
What is the difference between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation?
Minute ventilation-tital volume x respiratory rate
Alveolar ventilation-
AV=respiratory rate x (tital volume - dead space)
What are the two factors that keep lungs from collapsing?
surfactant and pleural pressure
