Quizzes Flashcards
The Pitch of sound is determined by?
The frequency of sound waves
What are the special senses?
Balance, taste, smell, vision, hearing
Olfaction is the sense of __________?
smell
Which cranial nerve innervates the/stimulates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
glossopharyngeal nerve CN#9
Which structure of the vascular tunic regulates the amount of light entering the eye?
Iris
Which molecule is part of rhodopsin?
opsin
The bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth are located in the?
inner ear
What is the function of the vestibule?
linear acceleration
What are the specific cells for the optic nerve?
ganglion cells
Which structure focuses light on the retina?
lens
Sense of taste is called?
gustation
What are the 5 basic taste sensations?
Bitter, sour, sweet, umani, salty
Name the pathway of the visual axis?
cornea, anterior segment w/aqueous humour, pupil, lens, Posterior segment w/vitreous humor, retina
Which cells in the red bone marrow produce platelets?
Megakaryocytes
The first step in hemostasis is?
vascular spasm
The agranulocytes include?
Lymphcytes and monocytes
The main function of hemoglobin is to?
Carry CO2/oxygen
The average lifespan of RBC’s is?
4 months
Which specific enzyme catalyzes this reaction?
fibrinogen–>fibrin
thrombin
A person w/type B blood has?
Anti-A antibodies in the plasma
The secondary structures of proteins are due to peptide bonds.
True/False
False
The universal recepient for a blood transfusion would be type O blood.
True/False
False
Which plasma protein is used in antibody production?
Globulin
Which situation would you expect to see an increase in eosinophils in a differential white blood cell count?
Allergic reaction and parasitic infection
Macrophages are differentiated from?
monocytes
Pernicious anemia is caused by?
A definciency of intrinsic factor and or/Vitamin B12
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called?
Whole blood
Leukocytosis is a condition in which there is an
abnormally high WBC count resulting in possible infection
A stationary blood clot is called a
Thrombus
What are the factors affecting ESV (end systolic volume)?
afterload, preload and contractility
The function of the atriums are to?
collect blood from the circuits
The relaxation of the cardiac cycle is called _______.
diastole
The amount of blood ejected from the the ventricle during a contraction is?
stroke volume
Cardiac output is equal to?
product of heart rate and stroke volume
The cardioregulatory centers are located in?
the medulla oblongata
The amount of blood located in the ventricles when the AV valves close is?
end diastolic volume
The 2nd heart sound is heard when the?
The semilunar valves close
The amount of tension that the heart must produce to open the semilunar valves to eject blood defines?
afterload
On the EKG, ventricle depolarization occurs during the?
QRS wave
The epicardium of the heart is also known as the?
visceral pericardium
Which structure separates the right side of the heart from the left side of the heart?
intraventricular septum
T/F
If the sinoatrial node stops, the heart stops beating
False
T/F
The baroreceptor reflex increases heart rate and stroke volume in response to a decrease in BP
True
T/F
Blood flows from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
true
T/F
Contraction of the papillary muscles closes the semilunar valves.
False
Substances that provoke immune response are?
antigens
The body’s largest collection of lymphatic tissue responsible for the filtering the blood of pathogens and destroying abnormal blood cells is the?
Spleen
CD4 markers are associated with?
helper T cells
Which cells are responsible for cell mediated immunity?
cytotoxic T cells
Are antibodies a form of nonspecific defenses of the body?
no
Macrophages are derived from?
Monocytes
Where are no lymphatic structures found?
the brain
Where does the thoracic duct not drain from?
right side of the head, neck, thorax, and right arm
Masses of lymphatic tissue in the walls of the pharynx are?
tonsils
Cells involved in immunological surveillence are?
NK cells
What specific process of innate immunity/nonspecific defense involves an aggregate of proteins that form a hole in the pathogen plasma membrane resulting in lysis?
complement
Immunoglobulins that are composed of 5 single molecules joined together and are the first antibodies produced in response to infection are?
IgM
Which leukocytes release histamine to promote inflammation?
basocytes
T/F
Lymph nodes have more afferent vessels than efferent vessels to speed up lymph through the node
false
T/F
Chemotaxis is the process of leukocytes leaving the blood by squeezing through capillary walls to reach site of infection
False
T/F MHC class 1 molecules are displayed by antigen presenting cells such as macrophages, resulting in the activation of the immune system.
False
Boyle’s law states that if the volume of gas decreases?
the pressure of gas will increase
The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is?
the epiglottis
What are the functions of the nasal cavity?
Warming, humidifying, and filtering the air
The first structure of the respiratory zone is the?
respiratory bronchiole
Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory volume=
vital capacity
The chloride shift is a counter transport mechanism of chloride ions into the RBC’s in exchange for _______ out of the RBC’s.
bicarbonate ions
Aleveolar ventilation is?
tital volume -dead space
Surfactant secreted by typed 2 pneumocytes reduces?
the surface tension on the alveoli
During inspiration, the thoracic cavity ________ in size,
increases
The volume of air remaining in the structures of the conducting zone is known as?
anatomical dead space
Which substance reacts with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3)?
carbon dioxide
Co2 and O2 are exchanged in the lungs by?
diffusion
The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs during normal breathing is called?
tital volume
More 02 is released from hemoglobin when?
the ph decreases and the temp increases
Approximatly 70% of the Co2 absorbed by blood is transported as?
a bicarbonate ion
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
What are the functions of the Urinary system?
helps stabilize blood ph
regulates blood cell synthesis
regulates blood volume and blood pressure
The process of filtration is driven by?
glomerular capillary pressure
The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is?
reabsportion
The macula dense cells are located in the wall of the?
distal convoluted tubule
Bowman’s Capsule and the glomerulus make up the?
renal corpuscle
When ADH levels increase?
less urine is produces
Which ion is the most abundant in the intracellular fluid?
Potassium (K+)
Extracellular fluid in the human body is composed of?
lymph, synovial fluid, interstial fluid, and blood plasma
Which describes an abnormally low blood potassium level
hypokalemia
Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is?
to reduce blood volume and blood pressure by inhibiting NA and water reabsorption
Which condition would cause an increased respiratory rate?
decreased blood pH
