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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Quizzes > Flashcards

Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

The Pitch of sound is determined by?

A

The frequency of sound waves

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2
Q

What are the special senses?

A

Balance, taste, smell, vision, hearing

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3
Q

Olfaction is the sense of __________?

A

smell

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the/stimulates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve CN#9

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5
Q

Which structure of the vascular tunic regulates the amount of light entering the eye?

A

Iris

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6
Q

Which molecule is part of rhodopsin?

A

opsin

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7
Q

The bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth are located in the?

A

inner ear

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8
Q

What is the function of the vestibule?

A

linear acceleration

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9
Q

What are the specific cells for the optic nerve?

A

ganglion cells

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10
Q

Which structure focuses light on the retina?

A

lens

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11
Q

Sense of taste is called?

A

gustation

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12
Q

What are the 5 basic taste sensations?

A

Bitter, sour, sweet, umani, salty

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13
Q

Name the pathway of the visual axis?

A

cornea, anterior segment w/aqueous humour, pupil, lens, Posterior segment w/vitreous humor, retina

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14
Q

Which cells in the red bone marrow produce platelets?

A

Megakaryocytes

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15
Q

The first step in hemostasis is?

A

vascular spasm

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16
Q

The agranulocytes include?

A

Lymphcytes and monocytes

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17
Q

The main function of hemoglobin is to?

A

Carry CO2/oxygen

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18
Q

The average lifespan of RBC’s is?

A

4 months

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19
Q

Which specific enzyme catalyzes this reaction?

fibrinogen–>fibrin

A

thrombin

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20
Q

A person w/type B blood has?

A

Anti-A antibodies in the plasma

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21
Q

The secondary structures of proteins are due to peptide bonds.
True/False

A

False

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22
Q

The universal recepient for a blood transfusion would be type O blood.
True/False

A

False

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23
Q

Which plasma protein is used in antibody production?

A

Globulin

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24
Q

Which situation would you expect to see an increase in eosinophils in a differential white blood cell count?

A

Allergic reaction and parasitic infection

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25
Q

Macrophages are differentiated from?

A

monocytes

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26
Q

Pernicious anemia is caused by?

A

A definciency of intrinsic factor and or/Vitamin B12

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27
Q

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called?

A

Whole blood

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28
Q

Leukocytosis is a condition in which there is an

A

abnormally high WBC count resulting in possible infection

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29
Q

A stationary blood clot is called a

A

Thrombus

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30
Q

What are the factors affecting ESV (end systolic volume)?

A

afterload, preload and contractility

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31
Q

The function of the atriums are to?

A

collect blood from the circuits

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32
Q

The relaxation of the cardiac cycle is called _______.

A

diastole

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33
Q

The amount of blood ejected from the the ventricle during a contraction is?

A

stroke volume

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34
Q

Cardiac output is equal to?

A

product of heart rate and stroke volume

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35
Q

The cardioregulatory centers are located in?

A

the medulla oblongata

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36
Q

The amount of blood located in the ventricles when the AV valves close is?

A

end diastolic volume

37
Q

The 2nd heart sound is heard when the?

A

The semilunar valves close

38
Q

The amount of tension that the heart must produce to open the semilunar valves to eject blood defines?

A

afterload

39
Q

On the EKG, ventricle depolarization occurs during the?

A

QRS wave

40
Q

The epicardium of the heart is also known as the?

A

visceral pericardium

41
Q

Which structure separates the right side of the heart from the left side of the heart?

A

intraventricular septum

42
Q

T/F

If the sinoatrial node stops, the heart stops beating

A

False

43
Q

T/F

The baroreceptor reflex increases heart rate and stroke volume in response to a decrease in BP

A

True

44
Q

T/F

Blood flows from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure

A

true

45
Q

T/F

Contraction of the papillary muscles closes the semilunar valves.

A

False

46
Q

Substances that provoke immune response are?

A

antigens

47
Q

The body’s largest collection of lymphatic tissue responsible for the filtering the blood of pathogens and destroying abnormal blood cells is the?

A

Spleen

48
Q

CD4 markers are associated with?

A

helper T cells

49
Q

Which cells are responsible for cell mediated immunity?

A

cytotoxic T cells

50
Q

Are antibodies a form of nonspecific defenses of the body?

A

no

51
Q

Macrophages are derived from?

A

Monocytes

52
Q

Where are no lymphatic structures found?

A

the brain

53
Q

Where does the thoracic duct not drain from?

A

right side of the head, neck, thorax, and right arm

54
Q

Masses of lymphatic tissue in the walls of the pharynx are?

A

tonsils

55
Q

Cells involved in immunological surveillence are?

A

NK cells

56
Q

What specific process of innate immunity/nonspecific defense involves an aggregate of proteins that form a hole in the pathogen plasma membrane resulting in lysis?

A

complement

57
Q

Immunoglobulins that are composed of 5 single molecules joined together and are the first antibodies produced in response to infection are?

A

IgM

58
Q

Which leukocytes release histamine to promote inflammation?

A

basocytes

59
Q

T/F

Lymph nodes have more afferent vessels than efferent vessels to speed up lymph through the node

A

false

60
Q

T/F
Chemotaxis is the process of leukocytes leaving the blood by squeezing through capillary walls to reach site of infection

A

False

61
Q 
T/F 
MHC class 1 molecules are displayed by antigen presenting cells such as macrophages, resulting in the activation of the immune system.
A

False

62
Q

Boyle’s law states that if the volume of gas decreases?

A

the pressure of gas will increase

63
Q

The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is?

A

the epiglottis

64
Q

What are the functions of the nasal cavity?

A

Warming, humidifying, and filtering the air

65
Q

The first structure of the respiratory zone is the?

A

respiratory bronchiole

66
Q

Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory volume=

A

vital capacity

67
Q

The chloride shift is a counter transport mechanism of chloride ions into the RBC’s in exchange for _______ out of the RBC’s.

A

bicarbonate ions

68
Q

Aleveolar ventilation is?

A

tital volume -dead space

69
Q

Surfactant secreted by typed 2 pneumocytes reduces?

A

the surface tension on the alveoli

70
Q

During inspiration, the thoracic cavity ________ in size,

A

increases

71
Q

The volume of air remaining in the structures of the conducting zone is known as?

A

anatomical dead space

72
Q

Which substance reacts with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3)?

A

carbon dioxide

73
Q

Co2 and O2 are exchanged in the lungs by?

A

diffusion

74
Q

The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs during normal breathing is called?

A

tital volume

75
Q

More 02 is released from hemoglobin when?

A

the ph decreases and the temp increases

76
Q

Approximatly 70% of the Co2 absorbed by blood is transported as?

A

a bicarbonate ion

77
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

78
Q

What are the functions of the Urinary system?

A

helps stabilize blood ph
regulates blood cell synthesis
regulates blood volume and blood pressure

79
Q

The process of filtration is driven by?

A

glomerular capillary pressure

80
Q

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is?

A

reabsportion

81
Q

The macula dense cells are located in the wall of the?

A

distal convoluted tubule

82
Q

Bowman’s Capsule and the glomerulus make up the?

A

renal corpuscle

83
Q

When ADH levels increase?

A

less urine is produces

84
Q

Which ion is the most abundant in the intracellular fluid?

A

Potassium (K+)

85
Q

Extracellular fluid in the human body is composed of?

A

lymph, synovial fluid, interstial fluid, and blood plasma

86
Q

Which describes an abnormally low blood potassium level

A

hypokalemia

87
Q

Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is?

A

to reduce blood volume and blood pressure by inhibiting NA and water reabsorption

88
Q

Which condition would cause an increased respiratory rate?

A

decreased blood pH

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (11 decks)

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