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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Quizzes > Flashcards

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1
Q

The Pitch of sound is determined by?

A

The frequency of sound waves

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2
Q

What are the special senses?

A

Balance, taste, smell, vision, hearing

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3
Q

Olfaction is the sense of __________?

A

smell

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4
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the/stimulates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve CN#9

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5
Q

Which structure of the vascular tunic regulates the amount of light entering the eye?

A

Iris

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6
Q

Which molecule is part of rhodopsin?

A

opsin

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7
Q

The bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth are located in the?

A

inner ear

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8
Q

What is the function of the vestibule?

A

linear acceleration

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9
Q

What are the specific cells for the optic nerve?

A

ganglion cells

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10
Q

Which structure focuses light on the retina?

A

lens

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11
Q

Sense of taste is called?

A

gustation

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12
Q

What are the 5 basic taste sensations?

A

Bitter, sour, sweet, umani, salty

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13
Q

Name the pathway of the visual axis?

A

cornea, anterior segment w/aqueous humour, pupil, lens, Posterior segment w/vitreous humor, retina

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14
Q

Which cells in the red bone marrow produce platelets?

A

Megakaryocytes

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15
Q

The first step in hemostasis is?

A

vascular spasm

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16
Q

The agranulocytes include?

A

Lymphcytes and monocytes

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17
Q

The main function of hemoglobin is to?

A

Carry CO2/oxygen

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18
Q

The average lifespan of RBC’s is?

A

4 months

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19
Q

Which specific enzyme catalyzes this reaction?

fibrinogen–>fibrin

A

thrombin

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20
Q

A person w/type B blood has?

A

Anti-A antibodies in the plasma

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21
Q

The secondary structures of proteins are due to peptide bonds.
True/False

A

False

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22
Q

The universal recepient for a blood transfusion would be type O blood.
True/False

A

False

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23
Q

Which plasma protein is used in antibody production?

A

Globulin

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24
Q

Which situation would you expect to see an increase in eosinophils in a differential white blood cell count?

A

Allergic reaction and parasitic infection

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25
Macrophages are differentiated from?
monocytes
26
Pernicious anemia is caused by?
A definciency of intrinsic factor and or/Vitamin B12
27
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called?
Whole blood
28
Leukocytosis is a condition in which there is an
abnormally high WBC count resulting in possible infection
29
A stationary blood clot is called a
Thrombus
30
What are the factors affecting ESV (end systolic volume)?
afterload, preload and contractility
31
The function of the atriums are to?
collect blood from the circuits
32
The relaxation of the cardiac cycle is called _______.
diastole
33
The amount of blood ejected from the the ventricle during a contraction is?
stroke volume
34
Cardiac output is equal to?
product of heart rate and stroke volume
35
The cardioregulatory centers are located in?
the medulla oblongata
36
The amount of blood located in the ventricles when the AV valves close is?
end diastolic volume
37
The 2nd heart sound is heard when the?
The semilunar valves close
38
The amount of tension that the heart must produce to open the semilunar valves to eject blood defines?
afterload
39
On the EKG, ventricle depolarization occurs during the?
QRS wave
40
The epicardium of the heart is also known as the?
visceral pericardium
41
Which structure separates the right side of the heart from the left side of the heart?
intraventricular septum
42
T/F | If the sinoatrial node stops, the heart stops beating
False
43
T/F | The baroreceptor reflex increases heart rate and stroke volume in response to a decrease in BP
True
44
T/F | Blood flows from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure
true
45
T/F | Contraction of the papillary muscles closes the semilunar valves.
False
46
Substances that provoke immune response are?
antigens
47
The body's largest collection of lymphatic tissue responsible for the filtering the blood of pathogens and destroying abnormal blood cells is the?
Spleen
48
CD4 markers are associated with?
helper T cells
49
Which cells are responsible for cell mediated immunity?
cytotoxic T cells
50
Are antibodies a form of nonspecific defenses of the body?
no
51
Macrophages are derived from?
Monocytes
52
Where are no lymphatic structures found?
the brain
53
Where does the thoracic duct not drain from?
right side of the head, neck, thorax, and right arm
54
Masses of lymphatic tissue in the walls of the pharynx are?
tonsils
55
Cells involved in immunological surveillence are?
NK cells
56
What specific process of innate immunity/nonspecific defense involves an aggregate of proteins that form a hole in the pathogen plasma membrane resulting in lysis?
complement
57
Immunoglobulins that are composed of 5 single molecules joined together and are the first antibodies produced in response to infection are?
IgM
58
Which leukocytes release histamine to promote inflammation?
basocytes
59
T/F | Lymph nodes have more afferent vessels than efferent vessels to speed up lymph through the node
false
60
T/F Chemotaxis is the process of leukocytes leaving the blood by squeezing through capillary walls to reach site of infection
False
61
``` T/F MHC class 1 molecules are displayed by antigen presenting cells such as macrophages, resulting in the activation of the immune system. ```
False
62
Boyle's law states that if the volume of gas decreases?
the pressure of gas will increase
63
The elastic cartilage that shields the opening to the larynx during swallowing is?
the epiglottis
64
What are the functions of the nasal cavity?
Warming, humidifying, and filtering the air
65
The first structure of the respiratory zone is the?
respiratory bronchiole
66
Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory volume=
vital capacity
67
The chloride shift is a counter transport mechanism of chloride ions into the RBC's in exchange for _______ out of the RBC's.
bicarbonate ions
68
Aleveolar ventilation is?
tital volume -dead space
69
Surfactant secreted by typed 2 pneumocytes reduces?
the surface tension on the alveoli
70
During inspiration, the thoracic cavity ________ in size,
increases
71
The volume of air remaining in the structures of the conducting zone is known as?
anatomical dead space
72
Which substance reacts with water to form carbonic acid (H2CO3)?
carbon dioxide
73
Co2 and O2 are exchanged in the lungs by?
diffusion
74
The amount of air moved in and out of the lungs during normal breathing is called?
tital volume
75
More 02 is released from hemoglobin when?
the ph decreases and the temp increases
76
Approximatly 70% of the Co2 absorbed by blood is transported as?
a bicarbonate ion
77
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
78
What are the functions of the Urinary system?
helps stabilize blood ph regulates blood cell synthesis regulates blood volume and blood pressure
79
The process of filtration is driven by?
glomerular capillary pressure
80
The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is?
reabsportion
81
The macula dense cells are located in the wall of the?
distal convoluted tubule
82
Bowman's Capsule and the glomerulus make up the?
renal corpuscle
83
When ADH levels increase?
less urine is produces
84
Which ion is the most abundant in the intracellular fluid?
Potassium (K+)
85
Extracellular fluid in the human body is composed of?
lymph, synovial fluid, interstial fluid, and blood plasma
86
Which describes an abnormally low blood potassium level
hypokalemia
87
Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is?
to reduce blood volume and blood pressure by inhibiting NA and water reabsorption
88
Which condition would cause an increased respiratory rate?
decreased blood pH

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (11 decks)

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