Reproductive System Flashcards
Where does approximatly 60% of seminal fluid come from?
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Seminal vesicle
What does the seminal fluid that comes from the seminal vesicle contain?
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Fructose that nourishes sperm
Where does approximatly 30% of seminal fluid come from?
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The Prostate Gland
What does the seminal fluid coming from the prostate contain?
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Enzymes that activate sperm
Where does approximatly 5% of seminal fluid come from?
**
bulbourethral gland
What does the seminal fluid from the bulbourethral gland do?
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washes away urine residue
Where does spermatogenisis occur?
In the seminiferous tubules
Where does maturation of the sperm occur?
in the epididymis
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46
What are the steps in Spermatogenisis?
Mitosis->Primary spermatocyte->Meosis 1->Secondary spermocyte->Meosis 2->Spermatid->Spermogensis (Maturation of the sperm cells)
What are the three parts of the sperm and what do they do?
Acrosome-Allows sperm to penetrate egg
Middle Piece->has a abundance in mitochondria
Tail->flagellum cell
What is it called when information is exchanged between homologous chromosomes
Crossing over
What connects the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis?
rete testes
What surrounds the seminiferous tubules?
intersitial cells which produce testosterone
How long does it take for sperm to mature?
12-16 days
What propels sperm from the epididymis to the urethra?
vas deferens and ejaculatory ducts
What stimulates LH and FSH release from the anterior pituitary?
GnRH
What hormone stimulates ICF cells to produce testosterone?
LH
What hormone stimulates sperm cell secretions?
FSH
When does oogenesis occur?
before birth
When does the secondary oocyte complete meiosis 2?
if the oocyte is fertilized
What does the primary follicle release?
the Primary oocyte
What does the tertiary or Graaphian folical release?
it releases the Secondary oocyte
What secrete progesterone?
the corpus inteum
What hormone is important for maintaining the endometrium?
Progesterone
When no longer needed, the corpus inteum becomes?
the corpus albicaus
What are the three layers of the uterine wall?
endomtrium
Myometrium
perimetrium
What is fertilization?
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The joining of the sperm cell and a secondary oocyte to form a zygote
What is an embryo?
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the development of a human between time of fertilization and 8 weeks of development
What is a fetus?
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the developing of a human from 9 weeks to birth
What type of tissues line fallopian tube?
simple ciliated columnar epithelium
What type of tissue lines the vaginal wall?
moist stratified squamous epithelium
What do the mammary glands do?
produce milk
The _________ ducts empty through the nipple.
Latiferous ducts
What surrounds the nipple?
areola
What stimulates the endometrium to build up in preparation for implantation?
Estrogen
What maintains endometrium after estrogen builds it up?
progesterone
What hormone occurs mid-cycle and is responsible for ovulation?
LH surge
What occurs when progesterone decreases?
menses
What are the phases of the Menstrual cycle?
Day-
1-5: Menstrual phase, sheds all but deepest part of endometrium
6-14: Proliferation phase, endometrium rebuilds itself
14-28: Secretory phase, endometrium prepares itself for implantation
What does prolactin do?
stimulates mammary gland to produce milk
What does oxytocin do?
responsible for contractions and milk letdown
What is morula?
solid ball of cells 16-32 cells
What is a blastocyst?
has a cavity
What is a gastrula?
3 germ layers -
Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm
