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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Lymphatic System and Immunity > Flashcards

Lymphatic System and Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What type of system if the lymphatic system?

A

organ system

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2
Q

What are the components of the lymphatic system?

A

lymphatic vessels, lymphnodes, lymphatic tissue

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3
Q

What part of the body contains no lymphnodes?

A

the brain

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4
Q

Where is the spleen located and how does it relate to the lymphatic system?

A

Left upper quadrant lateral to stomach

largest lymphatic organ

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5
Q

What are the three sets of tonsils?

A

Palentine tonsil
Pharyngeal tonsil
Lingual tonsil

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6
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

sits on top of the heart

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7
Q

How is lymph absorbed?

A

lymphatic capillaries

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8
Q

What section of the body does the the right lymphatic duct drain?
What does it drain into?

A

Drains into right subclavian vein

Empties right side of the head, right thorax, and right arm

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9
Q

What section of the body does the left lymphatic duct drain?

Where does it drain into?

A

Everything else

Drains into left subclavian vein

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10
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Maintain fluid balance
Absorbs fats from small intestine
Defends against microorganisms and pathogens

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11
Q

Name the pathway of how lymph is absorbed?

A

Lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic ducts

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12
Q

How is lymph moved?

hint 3 ways

A

by contraction of smooth muscle, skeletal muscle and thoracic pressure changes (thoracic pump)

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13
Q

What are the lymphatic organs?

A

spleen, lymphnodes, thymus

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14
Q

How many efferent vessels do lymph nodes have?

How many afferent vessels?

A

1 efferent

Many afferent

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15
Q

What lymphatic organ atrophies as we age?

A

thymus

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16
Q

What is located in spleen?

A

White pulp and red pulp

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17
Q

What is innanate immunity?

A

Immunity you are born with

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18
Q

What does innate immunity not improve with?

A

subsquent exposure

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19
Q

What type of cells does adaptive immunity involve?

A

T cells and B cells

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20
Q

What does adaptive immunity improve with?

A

subsuquent exposure

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21
Q

What type of immunity are t cells responsible for?

A

cell mediated immunity

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22
Q

What type of immunity are b cells responsible for?

A

antibody mediated immunity

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23
Q

What is the definition of an antigen?

A

a toxic or foreign substance that induces an immune response, especially the production of antibodies

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24
Q

What is adaptive immunity also called?

A

specific immunity

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25
Q

What is innate immunity also called?

A

non specific immunity

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26
Q

What are the non specific defenses of the body?

A 
skin
phagocytes 
immunilogical surveillence 
interferons 
complement system 
inflammitory response 
fever
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27
Q

How is immunological surveillance implemented?

A

NK cells release perforin that creates a hole in cell membrane resulting in lysis

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28
Q

What are the two pathways of the compliment system?

A

Classical and alternitive

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29
Q

Does the complement system involve antibodies?

A

yes

30
Q

When a complement protein attaches what occurs?

A

it creates a hole, resulting in lysis

31
Q

What does inflammation do?

A

Vasodilatation of blood vessels occurs
Mast cells release histamine and heparin
Attracts phagocytes

32
Q

What is chemotaxis?

***

A

phagocytes enter into a tissue and release chemicals (chemotaxis) that leads immune system to sight of infection

33
Q

What is it called when WBC leave blood and enters into tissues?

A

Diapedesis

34
Q

Name the pathway of how B cells and Natural killer cells are made?

A

Hemocytoblast->Lymphnoid stem cell-> B& NK cells

35
Q

Name the pathway of how T-cells are made?

A

Hemocytoblast->Lymphoid stem cell->Thymus->T-cells

36
Q

How does lymph move?

A

towards the heart

37
Q

What is the tissue of lymphatic organs?

A

Reticular connective tissue

38
Q

Where are peyer’s patches located?

A

Distal portion of small intestine and appendix

39
Q

Where are the 3 locations the lymph nodes are located?

A

Inguinal, cervical, and axillary

40
Q

What is the function of the spleen?

A

limited resovoir for blood

41
Q

What is the thymus responsible for?

A

t-lymphocytes to become immunocopitent

42
Q

What is special about adaptive immunity in regards to a re-introduction of pathogens?

A

Adaptive immunity has memory of pathogens

43
Q

Chemical trails which lead immune system to the sight of an infection is called?

A

Chemotaxis

44
Q

What are small phagocytic cells?

A

neutrophils

45
Q

What type of cells release chemicals which promote inflammation?

A

Basophils and Mast cells

46
Q

What type of cells release enzymes that reduce inflammation?

A

eosinophils

47
Q

What type of cells lyse tumor cells and virus infected cells?

A

Natural killer cells

48
Q

B-cells differentiate to become _________, __________, and also produce _________.

A

B-cells differentiate to become plasma, memory b cells, and also produce antibodies

49
Q

What are the 4 cardinal signs of infection?

*******

A

redness, swelling, heat, pain and/or loss of function

50
Q

What type of system is adaptive immunity?

A

physiological system

51
Q

What are the two sub-sections of adaptive immunity?

A

Antibody mediated immunity

Cell mediated immunity

52
Q

What is a clone?

A

A group of identical lymphocytes that can respond to a specific antigen

53
Q

What is an antigenic determinate?

A

specific part of the antigen to which lymphocyte respondes

54
Q

What is secreted by cytotoxic t-cells which causes holes?

A

perforin

55
Q

What is the suppression of the immune systems response to an antigen?

A

tolerance

56
Q

What cells present MHC 1?

A

All nucleated cells in body

57
Q

Which cells present MHC 2?

A

Antigen presenting cells

58
Q

What is the numeric device for remembering antibodies?

A

GAMED

59
Q

What does GAMED stand for?

A 
G-IgG
A-IgA
M-IgM
E-IgE
D-IgD
60
Q

Which antibody has the largest structure and is first antibody on scene?

A

IgM

61
Q

What is the most abundant antibody which can cross the placenta?

A

IgG

62
Q

What antibody is the antigen binding receptor on B cells?

A

IgD

63
Q

What are the two immune responses?

A

Primary and secondary

64
Q

How long does a primary immune response take to go into effect?

A

3-4 Days

65
Q

How long does a secondary response take to go into effect?

A

hours to day

66
Q

Which marker is associated with cytotoxic t cells?

A

CD8

67
Q

Which marker is associated with helper t cells?

A

CD4

68
Q

How does a cytotoxic t cell destroy a target cell?

A

Lymphotoxin, cytokine, & perforin release

69
Q

How is Passive immunity transferred?

A

Natural-from mother to child

Artificial-antibodies from another are injected

70
Q

How is active immunity transferred?

A

Natural-antigen introduction through natural exposure

Artificial-vaccine

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (11 decks)

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