Lymphatic System and Immunity Flashcards
What type of system if the lymphatic system?
organ system
What are the components of the lymphatic system?
lymphatic vessels, lymphnodes, lymphatic tissue
What part of the body contains no lymphnodes?
the brain
Where is the spleen located and how does it relate to the lymphatic system?
Left upper quadrant lateral to stomach
largest lymphatic organ
What are the three sets of tonsils?
Palentine tonsil
Pharyngeal tonsil
Lingual tonsil
Where is the thymus located?
sits on top of the heart
How is lymph absorbed?
lymphatic capillaries
What section of the body does the the right lymphatic duct drain?
What does it drain into?
Drains into right subclavian vein
Empties right side of the head, right thorax, and right arm
What section of the body does the left lymphatic duct drain?
Where does it drain into?
Everything else
Drains into left subclavian vein
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
Maintain fluid balance
Absorbs fats from small intestine
Defends against microorganisms and pathogens
Name the pathway of how lymph is absorbed?
Lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic ducts
How is lymph moved?
hint 3 ways
by contraction of smooth muscle, skeletal muscle and thoracic pressure changes (thoracic pump)
What are the lymphatic organs?
spleen, lymphnodes, thymus
How many efferent vessels do lymph nodes have?
How many afferent vessels?
1 efferent
Many afferent
What lymphatic organ atrophies as we age?
thymus
What is located in spleen?
White pulp and red pulp
What is innanate immunity?
Immunity you are born with
What does innate immunity not improve with?
subsquent exposure
What type of cells does adaptive immunity involve?
T cells and B cells
What does adaptive immunity improve with?
subsuquent exposure
What type of immunity are t cells responsible for?
cell mediated immunity
What type of immunity are b cells responsible for?
antibody mediated immunity
What is the definition of an antigen?
a toxic or foreign substance that induces an immune response, especially the production of antibodies
What is adaptive immunity also called?
specific immunity
What is innate immunity also called?
non specific immunity
What are the non specific defenses of the body?
skin phagocytes immunilogical surveillence interferons complement system inflammitory response fever
How is immunological surveillance implemented?
NK cells release perforin that creates a hole in cell membrane resulting in lysis
What are the two pathways of the compliment system?
Classical and alternitive
Does the complement system involve antibodies?
yes
When a complement protein attaches what occurs?
it creates a hole, resulting in lysis
What does inflammation do?
Vasodilatation of blood vessels occurs
Mast cells release histamine and heparin
Attracts phagocytes
What is chemotaxis?
***
phagocytes enter into a tissue and release chemicals (chemotaxis) that leads immune system to sight of infection
What is it called when WBC leave blood and enters into tissues?
Diapedesis
Name the pathway of how B cells and Natural killer cells are made?
Hemocytoblast->Lymphnoid stem cell-> B& NK cells
Name the pathway of how T-cells are made?
Hemocytoblast->Lymphoid stem cell->Thymus->T-cells
How does lymph move?
towards the heart
What is the tissue of lymphatic organs?
Reticular connective tissue
Where are peyer’s patches located?
Distal portion of small intestine and appendix
Where are the 3 locations the lymph nodes are located?
Inguinal, cervical, and axillary
What is the function of the spleen?
limited resovoir for blood
What is the thymus responsible for?
t-lymphocytes to become immunocopitent
What is special about adaptive immunity in regards to a re-introduction of pathogens?
Adaptive immunity has memory of pathogens
Chemical trails which lead immune system to the sight of an infection is called?
Chemotaxis
What are small phagocytic cells?
neutrophils
What type of cells release chemicals which promote inflammation?
Basophils and Mast cells
What type of cells release enzymes that reduce inflammation?
eosinophils
What type of cells lyse tumor cells and virus infected cells?
Natural killer cells
B-cells differentiate to become _________, __________, and also produce _________.
B-cells differentiate to become plasma, memory b cells, and also produce antibodies
What are the 4 cardinal signs of infection?
*******
redness, swelling, heat, pain and/or loss of function
What type of system is adaptive immunity?
physiological system
What are the two sub-sections of adaptive immunity?
Antibody mediated immunity
Cell mediated immunity
What is a clone?
A group of identical lymphocytes that can respond to a specific antigen
What is an antigenic determinate?
specific part of the antigen to which lymphocyte respondes
What is secreted by cytotoxic t-cells which causes holes?
perforin
What is the suppression of the immune systems response to an antigen?
tolerance
What cells present MHC 1?
All nucleated cells in body
Which cells present MHC 2?
Antigen presenting cells
What is the numeric device for remembering antibodies?
GAMED
What does GAMED stand for?
G-IgG A-IgA M-IgM E-IgE D-IgD
Which antibody has the largest structure and is first antibody on scene?
IgM
What is the most abundant antibody which can cross the placenta?
IgG
What antibody is the antigen binding receptor on B cells?
IgD
What are the two immune responses?
Primary and secondary
How long does a primary immune response take to go into effect?
3-4 Days
How long does a secondary response take to go into effect?
hours to day
Which marker is associated with cytotoxic t cells?
CD8
Which marker is associated with helper t cells?
CD4
How does a cytotoxic t cell destroy a target cell?
Lymphotoxin, cytokine, & perforin release
How is Passive immunity transferred?
Natural-from mother to child
Artificial-antibodies from another are injected
How is active immunity transferred?
Natural-antigen introduction through natural exposure
Artificial-vaccine
