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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Lymphatic System and Immunity > Flashcards

Lymphatic System and Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What type of system if the lymphatic system?

A

organ system

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2
Q

What are the components of the lymphatic system?

A

lymphatic vessels, lymphnodes, lymphatic tissue

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3
Q

What part of the body contains no lymphnodes?

A

the brain

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4
Q

Where is the spleen located and how does it relate to the lymphatic system?

A

Left upper quadrant lateral to stomach

largest lymphatic organ

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5
Q

What are the three sets of tonsils?

A

Palentine tonsil
Pharyngeal tonsil
Lingual tonsil

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6
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

sits on top of the heart

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7
Q

How is lymph absorbed?

A

lymphatic capillaries

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8
Q

What section of the body does the the right lymphatic duct drain?
What does it drain into?

A

Drains into right subclavian vein

Empties right side of the head, right thorax, and right arm

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9
Q

What section of the body does the left lymphatic duct drain?

Where does it drain into?

A

Everything else

Drains into left subclavian vein

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10
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Maintain fluid balance
Absorbs fats from small intestine
Defends against microorganisms and pathogens

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11
Q

Name the pathway of how lymph is absorbed?

A

Lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymphatic ducts

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12
Q

How is lymph moved?

hint 3 ways

A

by contraction of smooth muscle, skeletal muscle and thoracic pressure changes (thoracic pump)

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13
Q

What are the lymphatic organs?

A

spleen, lymphnodes, thymus

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14
Q

How many efferent vessels do lymph nodes have?

How many afferent vessels?

A

1 efferent

Many afferent

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15
Q

What lymphatic organ atrophies as we age?

A

thymus

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16
Q

What is located in spleen?

A

White pulp and red pulp

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17
Q

What is innanate immunity?

A

Immunity you are born with

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18
Q

What does innate immunity not improve with?

A

subsquent exposure

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19
Q

What type of cells does adaptive immunity involve?

A

T cells and B cells

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20
Q

What does adaptive immunity improve with?

A

subsuquent exposure

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21
Q

What type of immunity are t cells responsible for?

A

cell mediated immunity

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22
Q

What type of immunity are b cells responsible for?

A

antibody mediated immunity

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23
Q

What is the definition of an antigen?

A

a toxic or foreign substance that induces an immune response, especially the production of antibodies

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24
Q

What is adaptive immunity also called?

A

specific immunity

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25
What is innate immunity also called?
non specific immunity
26
What are the non specific defenses of the body?
``` skin phagocytes immunilogical surveillence interferons complement system inflammitory response fever ```
27
How is immunological surveillance implemented?
NK cells release perforin that creates a hole in cell membrane resulting in lysis
28
What are the two pathways of the compliment system?
Classical and alternitive
29
Does the complement system involve antibodies?
yes
30
When a complement protein attaches what occurs?
it creates a hole, resulting in lysis
31
What does inflammation do?
Vasodilatation of blood vessels occurs Mast cells release histamine and heparin Attracts phagocytes
32
What is chemotaxis? | ***********
phagocytes enter into a tissue and release chemicals (chemotaxis) that leads immune system to sight of infection
33
What is it called when WBC leave blood and enters into tissues?
Diapedesis
34
Name the pathway of how B cells and Natural killer cells are made?
Hemocytoblast->Lymphnoid stem cell-> B& NK cells
35
Name the pathway of how T-cells are made?
Hemocytoblast->Lymphoid stem cell->Thymus->T-cells
36
How does lymph move?
towards the heart
37
What is the tissue of lymphatic organs?
Reticular connective tissue
38
Where are peyer's patches located?
Distal portion of small intestine and appendix
39
Where are the 3 locations the lymph nodes are located?
Inguinal, cervical, and axillary
40
What is the function of the spleen?
limited resovoir for blood
41
What is the thymus responsible for?
t-lymphocytes to become immunocopitent
42
What is special about adaptive immunity in regards to a re-introduction of pathogens?
Adaptive immunity has memory of pathogens
43
Chemical trails which lead immune system to the sight of an infection is called?
Chemotaxis
44
What are small phagocytic cells?
neutrophils
45
What type of cells release chemicals which promote inflammation?
Basophils and Mast cells
46
What type of cells release enzymes that reduce inflammation?
eosinophils
47
What type of cells lyse tumor cells and virus infected cells?
Natural killer cells
48
B-cells differentiate to become _________, __________, and also produce _________.
B-cells differentiate to become plasma, memory b cells, and also produce antibodies
49
What are the 4 cardinal signs of infection? | *********
redness, swelling, heat, pain and/or loss of function
50
What type of system is adaptive immunity?
physiological system
51
What are the two sub-sections of adaptive immunity?
Antibody mediated immunity | Cell mediated immunity
52
What is a clone?
A group of identical lymphocytes that can respond to a specific antigen
53
What is an antigenic determinate?
specific part of the antigen to which lymphocyte respondes
54
What is secreted by cytotoxic t-cells which causes holes?
perforin
55
What is the suppression of the immune systems response to an antigen?
tolerance
56
What cells present MHC 1?
All nucleated cells in body
57
Which cells present MHC 2?
Antigen presenting cells
58
What is the numeric device for remembering antibodies?
GAMED
59
What does GAMED stand for?
``` G-IgG A-IgA M-IgM E-IgE D-IgD ```
60
Which antibody has the largest structure and is first antibody on scene?
IgM
61
What is the most abundant antibody which can cross the placenta?
IgG
62
What antibody is the antigen binding receptor on B cells?
IgD
63
What are the two immune responses?
Primary and secondary
64
How long does a primary immune response take to go into effect?
3-4 Days
65
How long does a secondary response take to go into effect?
hours to day
66
Which marker is associated with cytotoxic t cells?
CD8
67
Which marker is associated with helper t cells?
CD4
68
How does a cytotoxic t cell destroy a target cell?
Lymphotoxin, cytokine, & perforin release
69
How is Passive immunity transferred?
Natural-from mother to child | Artificial-antibodies from another are injected
70
How is active immunity transferred?
Natural-antigen introduction through natural exposure | Artificial-vaccine

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (11 decks)

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