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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

The pancreas has two type of secretions, what are they?

A

endocrine and exocrine

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2
Q

What does exocrine secretion do in the digestive system?

A

secretes digestive enzymes

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3
Q

What does the endocrine secretion in digestive system do?

A

secretes hormones

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4
Q

What are the two major endocrine secretions from the pancreas?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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5
Q

What does insulin do?

A

drops blood glucose level to normal

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6
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

rises blood glucose levels to normal

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7
Q

What is the pathway along digestive tract?

****

A

Oral cavity->pharynx->esophagus->stomach->small intestine->large intestine->anus

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8
Q

What are the layers of the digestive tract from lumen (deep) to superficial?

A

Mucosa, muscularis muscosae, muscularis externa, serosa

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9
Q

What does the villus do?

A

increases surface area

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10
Q

What do the lacteals do?

A

absorbs lipids from small intestine

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11
Q

What innervates the submucosa?

A

submucosal plexus

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12
Q

What are the four tunics of the digestive system>

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa

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13
Q

What regulates the glands and smooth muscle in the mucosa?

A

submucosal plexus

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14
Q

What is the major nerves that controls GI tract mobility?

A

Myenteric plexus

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15
Q

What aids in food bolus?

A

tongue

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16
Q

What are the two sets of teeth and how many are there?

*****

A

20 deciduous teeth

32 permanete

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17
Q

What are the 3 sets of salivary glands?

A

Parotid
sublingual
submandibular

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18
Q

What produces hydrochloric acid?

A

gastric glands

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19
Q

What is produced by gastric glands (parietal cells)?

A

Intrinsic factor

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20
Q

Why is intrinsic factor important?

A

Aids in vitamin B12 absorption

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21
Q

What is produced by gastric glands (chief cells)?

A

Gastrin

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22
Q

Where are bile salts produced?

A

liver

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23
Q

Where is pancreatic amylase produced?

A

Pancreas

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24
Q

Where are proteases produced?

A

Pancreas

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25
Q

What are the 3 important proteases?

A

trypsin, chymotrysin, carboxypeptidase

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26
Q

What are the 3 phases of swallowing?

A

Voluntary phase
Pharyngeal phase
Esophageal phase

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27
Q

What moves food through esophagus to stomach?

A

peristalsis

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28
Q

Where is food bolus converted to chyme?

A

stomach

29
Q

What is coordinated contraction of muscular externa to move things along digestive tract?

A

peristalsis

30
Q

What is the epithelium that lines stomach to anus?

A

simple columnar epithelium

31
Q

Gastric pits are?

A

gastic glands

32
Q

What are the 4 secretory cells in stomach?

A

Mucous neck
Parietal cells
Chief cells
Endocrine cells

33
Q

What do Parietal cells do?

**

A

secrete HCL and intrinsic factor

34
Q

What do chief cells do?

**

A

Produce pepsinogen

35
Q

HCL converts pepsinogen to what?

A

pepsin

36
Q

What is food mixed with gastric juice?

A

chyme

37
Q

What does pepsin do?

**

A

digests proteins

38
Q

What promotes pepsin and kills microorganisms?

A

HCL

39
Q

Since HCL can’t be secreted, how is it created?

A

chloride shift

40
Q

What regulates stomach secretions?

A

Gastrin and hystamine

41
Q

In regards to HCL secretion, Parietal cells do what?

A

secrete the COMPONENTS of HCL

42
Q

What are the 3 phases of the stomach?

A

Celiac phase
Gastrine phase
Intestinal phase

43
Q

What phase of stomach is initiated by food, and stimulates secretions of HCL, pepsinogen, gastrin, and histamine?

A

Celiac phase

44
Q

What phase of stomach is stimulated by distention of stomach which promotes the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin?

A

Gastric Phase

45
Q

Which hormone causes relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi, stimulation of pancreas and contraction of gallbladder?
***

A

Cholecystokinin

46
Q

Where is digestion completed?

A

in small intestine

47
Q

What are the 3 subdivisions of small intestine?

A

Duodenum-10”
Jejunum-8”
ileum-12”

48
Q

What produce digestive enzymes?

**

A

Absorptive cells

49
Q

What are the two types of contraction and what do they do?

A

Segmentation-mixes intestinal contents

peristalsis-moves material distally

50
Q

What makes up the hepatic portal triad?

***

A

hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery
Bile duct (Hepatic duct in book)

51
Q

What are the 4 lobes of liver?

A

right, left, caudate, and quadrate

52
Q

What is the flow of bile in the liver?

A

bile caniliculi->bile duct->hepatic duct->common bile duct

53
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

emulsification of lipids

54
Q

What breaks up large lipids?

A

bile

55
Q

What breaks down smaller lipids broken up by bile?

A

lipase

56
Q

What are enlarged spaces filled with blood?

A

sinusoid

57
Q

What are the hepatic macrophages in liver sinoids?

A

Kupffer cells

58
Q

What is the purpose of the Gallbladder?

A

stores and concentrates bile

59
Q

What are the 3 functions of bile salts?

A

Emulsify fats
Facilitate fat and cholesterol absorption
Helps make cholesterol soluble

60
Q

What does salivary amylase do?

A

breaks down carbohydrates

61
Q

What is the enzyme component of pancreatic juice?

A 
salivary amylase
pancreatic amylase 
lipase
proteases
nucleases
62
Q

What is the main function of the large intestine?

***

A

Water reabsorption

63
Q

What are the three unique features of the small intestine?

A

tenia coli
haustra
epiploic appendages

64
Q

What are epiploic appendages?

A

Fat filled sacs in visceral peritoneum

65
Q

What are mass movements?

*********

A

strong peristaltic contractions that occur 3 to 4 times a day

66
Q

What is the neumonic of fat soluble vitamins?

A

K
A
D
E

67
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

Vitamin-

K,A,D,E

68
Q

What transport lipids from digestion to the liver

A

Chylomicrons

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (11 decks)

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