Digestive System

Question 1

The pancreas has two type of secretions, what are they?

Answer 1

endocrine and exocrine

Question 2

What does exocrine secretion do in the digestive system?

Answer 2

secretes digestive enzymes

Question 3

What does the endocrine secretion in digestive system do?

Answer 3

secretes hormones

Question 4

What are the two major endocrine secretions from the pancreas?

Answer 4

Insulin and glucagon

Question 5

What does insulin do?

Answer 5

drops blood glucose level to normal

Question 6

What does glucagon do?

Answer 6

rises blood glucose levels to normal

Question 7

What is the pathway along digestive tract?

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Answer 7

Oral cavity->pharynx->esophagus->stomach->small intestine->large intestine->anus

Question 8

What are the layers of the digestive tract from lumen (deep) to superficial?

Answer 8

Mucosa, muscularis muscosae, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 9

What does the villus do?

Answer 9

increases surface area

Question 10

What do the lacteals do?

Answer 10

absorbs lipids from small intestine

Question 11

What innervates the submucosa?

Answer 11

submucosal plexus

Question 12

What are the four tunics of the digestive system>

Answer 12

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa

Question 13

What regulates the glands and smooth muscle in the mucosa?

Answer 13

submucosal plexus

Question 14

What is the major nerves that controls GI tract mobility?

Answer 14

Myenteric plexus

Question 15

What aids in food bolus?

Answer 15

tongue

Question 16

What are the two sets of teeth and how many are there?

*****

Answer 16

20 deciduous teeth

32 permanete

Question 17

What are the 3 sets of salivary glands?

Answer 17

Parotid
sublingual
submandibular

Question 18

What produces hydrochloric acid?

Answer 18

gastric glands

Question 19

What is produced by gastric glands (parietal cells)?

Answer 19

Intrinsic factor

Question 20

Why is intrinsic factor important?

Answer 20

Aids in vitamin B12 absorption

Question 21

What is produced by gastric glands (chief cells)?

Answer 21

Gastrin

Question 22

Where are bile salts produced?

Answer 22

liver

Question 23

Where is pancreatic amylase produced?

Answer 23

Pancreas

Question 24

Where are proteases produced?

Answer 24

Pancreas

Question 25

What are the 3 important proteases?

Answer 25

trypsin, chymotrysin, carboxypeptidase

Question 26

What are the 3 phases of swallowing?

Answer 26

Voluntary phase Pharyngeal phase Esophageal phase

Question 27

What moves food through esophagus to stomach?

Answer 27

peristalsis

Question 28

Where is food bolus converted to chyme?

Answer 28

stomach

Question 29

What is coordinated contraction of muscular externa to move things along digestive tract?

Answer 29

peristalsis

Question 30

What is the epithelium that lines stomach to anus?

Answer 30

simple columnar epithelium

Question 31

Gastric pits are?

Answer 31

gastic glands

Question 32

What are the 4 secretory cells in stomach?

Answer 32

Mucous neck Parietal cells Chief cells Endocrine cells

Question 33

What do Parietal cells do? | **********

Answer 33

secrete HCL and intrinsic factor

Question 34

What do chief cells do? | ********

Answer 34

Produce pepsinogen

Question 35

HCL converts pepsinogen to what?

Answer 35

pepsin

Question 36

What is food mixed with gastric juice?

Answer 36

chyme

Question 37

What does pepsin do? | ****

Answer 37

digests proteins

Question 38

What promotes pepsin and kills microorganisms?

Answer 38

HCL

Question 39

Since HCL can't be secreted, how is it created?

Answer 39

chloride shift

Question 40

What regulates stomach secretions?

Answer 40

Gastrin and hystamine

Question 41

In regards to HCL secretion, Parietal cells do what?

Answer 41

secrete the COMPONENTS of HCL

Question 42

What are the 3 phases of the stomach?

Answer 42

Celiac phase Gastrine phase Intestinal phase

Question 43

What phase of stomach is initiated by food, and stimulates secretions of HCL, pepsinogen, gastrin, and histamine?

Answer 43

Celiac phase

Question 44

What phase of stomach is stimulated by distention of stomach which promotes the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin?

Answer 44

Gastric Phase

Question 45

Which hormone causes relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi, stimulation of pancreas and contraction of gallbladder? *******

Answer 45

Cholecystokinin

Question 46

Where is digestion completed?

Answer 46

in small intestine

Question 47

What are the 3 subdivisions of small intestine?

Answer 47

Duodenum-10" Jejunum-8" ileum-12"

Question 48

What produce digestive enzymes? | **

Answer 48

Absorptive cells

Question 49

What are the two types of contraction and what do they do?

Answer 49

Segmentation-mixes intestinal contents | peristalsis-moves material distally

Question 50

What makes up the hepatic portal triad? | *******

Answer 50

hepatic portal vein Hepatic artery Bile duct (Hepatic duct in book)

Question 51

What are the 4 lobes of liver?

Answer 51

right, left, caudate, and quadrate

Question 52

What is the flow of bile in the liver?

Answer 52

bile caniliculi->bile duct->hepatic duct->common bile duct

Question 53

What is the function of bile?

Answer 53

emulsification of lipids

Question 54

What breaks up large lipids?

Answer 54

bile

Question 55

What breaks down smaller lipids broken up by bile?

Answer 55

lipase

Question 56

What are enlarged spaces filled with blood?

Answer 56

sinusoid

Question 57

What are the hepatic macrophages in liver sinoids?

Answer 57

Kupffer cells

Question 58

What is the purpose of the Gallbladder?

Answer 58

stores and concentrates bile

Question 59

What are the 3 functions of bile salts?

Answer 59

Emulsify fats Facilitate fat and cholesterol absorption Helps make cholesterol soluble

Question 60

What does salivary amylase do?

Answer 60

breaks down carbohydrates

Question 61

What is the enzyme component of pancreatic juice?

Answer 61

``` salivary amylase pancreatic amylase lipase proteases nucleases ```

Question 62

What is the main function of the large intestine? | ***********

Answer 62

Water reabsorption

Question 63

What are the three unique features of the small intestine?

Answer 63

tenia coli haustra epiploic appendages

Question 64

What are epiploic appendages?

Answer 64

Fat filled sacs in visceral peritoneum

Question 65

What are mass movements? | *************************

Answer 65

strong peristaltic contractions that occur 3 to 4 times a day

Question 66

What is the neumonic of fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 66

K A D E

Question 67

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 67

Vitamin- | K,A,D,E

Question 68

What transport lipids from digestion to the liver

Answer 68

Chylomicrons