Urinary System

Question 0

Describe the Cortex of the kidney and what it contains.

Answer 0

Dark red outermost layer of the kidney.

Contains renal corpuscles and convoluted tubes of the nephrons.

Question 1

What are the kidneys supplied by, and divided into?

Answer 1

Supplied by Renal artery (which is a direct branch of Aorta) pressure is high to provided sufficient filtration pressure for kidneys to work.

Divided into:

1-Pelvis- collection area
2-Cortex& Medulla- contain functional units (nephrons)

Question 2

Describe the Medulla part of the kidney and also what it contains.

Answer 2

Paper than the cortex.

Contains collecting ducts, and tissue containing loops on Henle of the nephrons.

Question 3

Describe the pelvis part of the kidney and also it’s function.

Answer 3

Basin shaped made of fibrous connective tissue.

Urine formed by nephrons drains into pelvis and out of kidney via a single ureter.

Question 4

What is the function of the ureters?

Answer 4

Thin tubes that pass from kidney to bladder.

Walls contain smooth muscle which moves urine from kidney to bladder in peristaltic waves.

Question 5

What is the function of the nephrons?

Answer 5

They are responsible for filtration of blood and production of urine.

Question 6

What are the nephrons divided into?

Answer 6

1- Glomerular Capsule (bowmans)
2- Proximal convoluted tubule
3- Loop of Henle
4- Distal convoluted tubule
5- Collecting duct

Question 7

Describe selective resorption?

Answer 7

When useful substances such as glucose, amino acids, electrolytes(salts) and most of the water are absorbed back into the blood.

(Happens in nephron tubules)

Question 8

What are the physiological processes happening in the renal nephrons?

Answer 8

1- Osmosis
2-diffusion
3-resorption
4-secretion

Question 9

Why is blood pressure within each glomerulus high?

Answer 9

Because blood has came straight from renal artery and aorta, both which carry blood under high pressure.

Question 10

What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 10

65% of resistive processes occur here.

1-resorption of water and sodium
2-resorption of glucose
3-concentration of nitrogenous waste
4-secretion of toxins and certain drugs

Question 11

What is the function of the loop of Henle?

Answer 11

To regulate the concentration and volume of the urine.

Question 12

What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 12

Final adjustments are made to the chemical constituents of the urine.

1- resorption of sodium and secretion of potassium

2- regulation of acid base balance by the excretion of hydrogen ions.

Question 13

What is the function of the collecting duct?

Answer 13

Here final adjustments are made to the volume of water in urine.

-Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) is able to change permeability of the duct walls to water.

Question 14

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 14

It is the tube which leaves neck of the bladder and runs to the outside of the body, carrying waste material.

Question 15

What is the function of urine?

Answer 15

1- Is the fluid passing out of the collecting ducts.

2- consists of water and electrolytes with waste products such as urea.

3- 1% of original fluid entering tubule becomes urine.

Question 16

What is the function of the urinary system?

Answer 16

1- To excrete metabolic waste products from the body. (Urea the waste product from cells)

2- To excrete excess water from body.

3- To balance salts in the body. (Homeostasis)

Question 17

How do the kidneys work?

Answer 17

1- blood is filtered at the glomerulus removing wastes and other substances.

2- Selective resorption of useful substances occurs in the long tubule

3- waste is passed through collecting ducts into the pelvis of the kidney and is transported to the bladder.