Nervous System Flashcards by Morven McGregor

What is the function of the cerebral hemisphere in the forebrain?

Memory, processing and storing information, voluntary movements.

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What is the forebrain made up of?

Cerebral hemisphere

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

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What is the function of the thalamus in the forebrain?

relay information for sight and hearing

- relay information from spinal cord to forebrain

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What is the function of the hypothalamus in the forebrain?

Link between endocrine and nervous system

- homeostasis

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What is the function of the mid brain?

Control of consciousness

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What is a synapse?

Nervous impulses pass from one neuron to another by means of structures call synapses.

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What is Meninges?

The tough fibrous envelope enclosing the brain and spinal cord.

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What is cerebrospinal fluid?

The fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

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What is the ventricles?

Are spaces in the brain filled with cerebral spinal fluid.

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What happens when a nerve cell is stimulated?

An electric current is formed by charged ions loving across membrane (DEPOLARISATION)

Depolarisation wave carried to end of nerve fibre/ axon terminal.

Electric current then releases Neurotransmitters.

Neurotransmitters released into synapse, as electric current cannot be transmitted across such a gap.

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What makes up a neuron?

Cell body
Nucleus
Dendrites
Axon
Myelin sheath
Nodes of ranvier
Axon terminal

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What is the function of dendrites and the axon?

Dendrites- carry impulses TOWARDS cell body

Axon- carry impulses AWAY from cell body

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What is the function of myelin sheath?

Is a lipoprotein made my Schwann cells surrounding the axon.

speeds up transmission
protects and insulates axon

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What is the function of nodes of ranvier?

Spaces in myelin sheath that supply axon tissue with nutrients and oxygen.

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What is Grey and White matter in the brain composed of?

Grey- cell bodies and nuclei (tissue of cerebral hemisphere)

White- axons (appears white cause of lipoprotein in myelin sheath)

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What supplies the brain with oxygenated blood?

Carotid artery

What makes up the hind brain?

Cerebellum

Medulla oblongata

Pons

What is the function of the cerebellum in the hind brain?

1- coordinates balance and movement

2- controls other unconscious body functions

What is the function of the medulla oblongata in the hind brain?

1- contains centres responsible for control of respiration and blood pressure.

Name the three sections of the brain?

1- Forebrain

2- Mid brain

3- Hind brain

What are the functions of the nervous system?

To receive stimuli from external and internal environment

To process stimuli

To bring about necessary response

(Receive,process,respond)

What is the log fibre that carries the nerve impulses?

Axon

What is a bundle of axons?

A nerve

What is the connection between adjacent neurons?

Synapse

What is the chemical secreted into the gap between neurons at a synapse?

Neurotransmitters

What is a rapid automatic response to a stimulus?

Reflex

What is the covering of fatty material that speeds up the passage of nervous impulses?

Myelin sheath

What is the structure at the end of an axon that produces neurotransmitters to transmit the nerve impulse across the synapse.

Axon terminal

What is the high speed signals that pass along the axons of nerve cells?

Nerve impulses

What is the branching filaments that conduct nerve impulses towards the cell?

Dendrites

What is the reaction to a stimulus by a muscle or a gland?

A response

What is the sense organ or cells that receive stimuli from within and outside the body?

Sense receptor

What is the pet of the nerve cell containing the nucleus?

Cell body

What does the somatic nervous system (voluntary) control?

1- controls reflex 2- afferent and efferent nerves

What does the autonamic nervous system (involuntary) control?

1- parasympathetic n.s 2- sympathetic n.s 3- heart beat, bladder, gut, respiration

What does the C.N.S consist of?

Brain and spinal cord

What does the P.N.S consist of?

Cranial nerves Spinal nerves OR Autonamic and somatic nervous systems