Muscles Flashcards
What are muscles attached to bones by?
Tendons
What is the function of muscles?
Allow movement
Muscles and ligaments can pull the bone in certain way
Name the 3 types of muscles
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Name some examples of skeletal muscles.
Head- masseter muscle
Thorax- intercostal muscles, diaphragm
Forelimb- triceps, biceps
Hindlimb- quadriceps
Name some examples of smooth muscle.
Blood vessels
Uterus
Bladder
Where is the cardiac muscle found and is it voluntary or involuntary?
Heart
Involuntary
How are bones attached to bones?
Ligaments
Give an example of an antagonistic pair of muscles?
Biceps & triceps
To straighten arm biceps relax and the triceps shorten
What is the proximal attachment of a muscle known as?
Its origin (head)
What is the distal end of a muscle attachment called?
The insertion (tail)
What is the middle part of a muscle called?
The belly
Name some accessory structures which are found around muscles and tendons.
Bursae
Synovial tendon sheaths
Sesamoid bones
What are BURSAE & their function?
Simple connective tissue sacs
Secrete synovial fluid
Act as cushions to prevent friction & pressure
Found between muscles, tendons or ligaments
What are SYNOVIAL TENDON SHEATHS, & their function?
Double layered elongated sacs which wrap around tendons
Secrete synovial fluid
Reduce friction as tendon moves
What are Sesamoid bones & their function??
Located in tendon or joint capsules as small rounded nodules
Not connected to other bones
Protect tendons as they pass over bony prominences
Help redirect pull of tendons
How is a muscle contraction initiated?
By a nerve impulse travelling over a motor nerve fibre to the muscle fibres.
What are nerve and muscle units known as?
MOTOR UNITS
What is muscle tone?
When muscles are in a state of slight tension
Name 3 muscles of expression & their function
Levator muscle
Frontal muscle
Platysma muscle
Function - aid in open, closing or moving the lips, eyelids, nose and ears
Where is the levator muscle?
On the nose rostral to the eye
Where is the frontal muscle?
Above the eye socket
Where is the Platysma muscle?
Largest expression muscle on the cheek
Name the 3 muscles of the jaw
Temporalis - top of head
Masseter - cheek
Digastricus - under masseter, goes along to ear
Name the two types of vertebral muscles
Epaxial miscles (found dorsal to transverse process)
Hypaxial muscles (found under transverse processs)
