Muscles Flashcards

0
Q

What are muscles attached to bones by?

A

Tendons

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1
Q

What is the function of muscles?

A

Allow movement

Muscles and ligaments can pull the bone in certain way

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2
Q

Name the 3 types of muscles

A

Skeletal

Smooth

Cardiac

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3
Q

Name some examples of skeletal muscles.

A

Head- masseter muscle

Thorax- intercostal muscles, diaphragm

Forelimb- triceps, biceps

Hindlimb- quadriceps

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4
Q

Name some examples of smooth muscle.

A

Blood vessels

Uterus

Bladder

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5
Q

Where is the cardiac muscle found and is it voluntary or involuntary?

A

Heart

Involuntary

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6
Q

How are bones attached to bones?

A

Ligaments

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7
Q

Give an example of an antagonistic pair of muscles?

A

Biceps & triceps

To straighten arm biceps relax and the triceps shorten

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8
Q

What is the proximal attachment of a muscle known as?

A

Its origin (head)

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9
Q

What is the distal end of a muscle attachment called?

A

The insertion (tail)

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10
Q

What is the middle part of a muscle called?

A

The belly

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11
Q

Name some accessory structures which are found around muscles and tendons.

A

Bursae

Synovial tendon sheaths

Sesamoid bones

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12
Q

What are BURSAE & their function?

A

Simple connective tissue sacs

Secrete synovial fluid

Act as cushions to prevent friction & pressure

Found between muscles, tendons or ligaments

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13
Q

What are SYNOVIAL TENDON SHEATHS, & their function?

A

Double layered elongated sacs which wrap around tendons

Secrete synovial fluid

Reduce friction as tendon moves

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14
Q

What are Sesamoid bones & their function??

A

Located in tendon or joint capsules as small rounded nodules

Not connected to other bones

Protect tendons as they pass over bony prominences

Help redirect pull of tendons

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15
Q

How is a muscle contraction initiated?

A

By a nerve impulse travelling over a motor nerve fibre to the muscle fibres.

16
Q

What are nerve and muscle units known as?

A

MOTOR UNITS

17
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

When muscles are in a state of slight tension

18
Q

Name 3 muscles of expression & their function

A

Levator muscle

Frontal muscle

Platysma muscle

Function - aid in open, closing or moving the lips, eyelids, nose and ears

19
Q

Where is the levator muscle?

A

On the nose rostral to the eye

20
Q

Where is the frontal muscle?

A

Above the eye socket

21
Q

Where is the Platysma muscle?

A

Largest expression muscle on the cheek

22
Q

Name the 3 muscles of the jaw

A

Temporalis - top of head

Masseter - cheek

Digastricus - under masseter, goes along to ear

23
Q

Name the two types of vertebral muscles

A

Epaxial miscles (found dorsal to transverse process)

Hypaxial muscles (found under transverse processs)

24
Q

Name the two epaxial muscles

A

Longissimus muscle (middle spine)

Illocostal muscle (lower spine)

25
Q

Name the 7 muscles of the trunk/ upper forelimb covered.

A

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Deltoid

Triceps

Biceps brachii

Brachialis

Trapezius

26
Q

Name the muscles in the hindlimb covered

A

Superficial gluteal
Middle gluteal

Semimembranous

Semitendinosus

Biceps femoris

Fascia Lata

Sartorius

Tensor fasciae