Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is systemic circulation?
When the heart pumps blood around the body
Name the four parts of the cardiovascular system.
Blood
Heart
Circulatory system
Lymphatic system
Why is pulmonary circulation?
When the heart pumps blood to the lungs to be oxygenated
Within the chambers of the heart what prevent backflow of blood from the Atria to the ventricles as it circulates through the heart?
Two sets of valves
Right and left atrioventricular valves
At the base of the major vessels leaving the ventricles are two more sets of valves which prevent blood backflow back into the ventricles. What are they called?
The semilunar valves
- Pulmonary valve: lies at base of pulmonary artery
- Aortic valve: lies at the base of the aorta
What two groups are the functions of the cardiovascular system divided into, and give examples of each.
Transport: gases in solution, nutrients, waste product.
Regulation (homeostasis): body temp, blood clotting, defence against infection, volume and constituents of body fluid.
Name the fluid part of blood
Plasma
Name the solid parts of blood
- red blood cells
- White blood cells
- platelets (cell fragments)
What are the functions of erythrocytes (red blood cells)
- transport oxygen and co2 around the body
- contain red pigment called haemoglobin (which carries the o2)
What is the function of leucocytes (white blood cells)?
To defend body against any infection
What is the function of plasma?
Liquid part of blood
90% is water
Dissolved Substances transported from one part of body to another
What is the function of platelets?
Involved in blood clotting
In large quantities in blood
What is the function of the left side of the heart?
Pumps blood into the systemic circulation (around the body)
What is the function of the right side of the heart?
Pumps blood into the pulmonary circulation (to the lungs to be oxygenated)
When a heart beats what causes the first sound? ‘Lub’
The atrioventricular valves closing
