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Anatomy And Physiology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the kidneys? There are 6.

A 
Formation of urine
Erythropoietin production
Renin production
Activation of Vitamin D
Acid-base balance 
Electrolyte balance
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2
Q

What are the components of the urinary system?

A

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, 1 urethra

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3
Q

What is the medulla made up of?

A

Renal pyramid

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4
Q

What do the major calyces form?

A

Renal pelvis

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5
Q

What structure surrounds the glomerulus?

A

Bowman’s capsule

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6
Q

What are the 3 processes involved in urine formation

A

Simple filtration, selective reabsorption & secretion

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7
Q

What is the transport maximum?

A

The kidney’s maximum capacity for reabsorption

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8
Q

What does aldosterone do in the kidneys?

A

Increases reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium

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9
Q

What does ADH do?

A

Increases reabsorption of water

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10
Q

What is the minimum amount of urine needed to pass daily?

A

500ml

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11
Q

What controls water balance?

A

Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus

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12
Q

WHat are the main causes of chronic renal failure?

A

Glomerulonephritis, chronic pylonephritis, diabetes mellitus

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13
Q

What are the 3 layers of the bladder?

A

Serous layer, muscular layer, inner mucous coat

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14
Q

WHat is the function of the ureter?

A

Carries urine from kidneys to bladder

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15
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

Excretes urine from bladder

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16
Q

Describe the process leading up to urination

A

Baroreceptors in bladder send impulse to CNS, muscles contract in bladder. External sphincter is under voluntary control but internal sphincter is not. Urine is released when external sphincter is voluntarily relaxed.

17
Q

Describe the role of renin in water retention

A

Renin converts Angiotensinogen into Angiotensin 1.
Angiotensin 1 is converted by ACE into Angiotensin 2
Angiotensin 2 causes ADH to be released and Aldosterone to be secreted
Alosterone increases Na reabsorption meaning water follows

18
Q

Name two functions of tubules in the nephron

A

Reabsorption and secretion

19
Q

Name the 3 major types of nitrogenous waste products in urine

A

Urea, uric acid, creatinine

Anatomy And Physiology (15 decks)

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