Urinary System Flashcards
What is the function of the kidneys? There are 6.
Formation of urine Erythropoietin production Renin production Activation of Vitamin D Acid-base balance Electrolyte balance
What are the components of the urinary system?
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, 1 urethra
What is the medulla made up of?
Renal pyramid
What do the major calyces form?
Renal pelvis
What structure surrounds the glomerulus?
Bowman’s capsule
What are the 3 processes involved in urine formation
Simple filtration, selective reabsorption & secretion
What is the transport maximum?
The kidney’s maximum capacity for reabsorption
What does aldosterone do in the kidneys?
Increases reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium
What does ADH do?
Increases reabsorption of water
What is the minimum amount of urine needed to pass daily?
500ml
What controls water balance?
Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus
WHat are the main causes of chronic renal failure?
Glomerulonephritis, chronic pylonephritis, diabetes mellitus
What are the 3 layers of the bladder?
Serous layer, muscular layer, inner mucous coat
WHat is the function of the ureter?
Carries urine from kidneys to bladder
What is the function of the urethra?
Excretes urine from bladder
Describe the process leading up to urination
Baroreceptors in bladder send impulse to CNS, muscles contract in bladder. External sphincter is under voluntary control but internal sphincter is not. Urine is released when external sphincter is voluntarily relaxed.
Describe the role of renin in water retention
Renin converts Angiotensinogen into Angiotensin 1.
Angiotensin 1 is converted by ACE into Angiotensin 2
Angiotensin 2 causes ADH to be released and Aldosterone to be secreted
Alosterone increases Na reabsorption meaning water follows
Name two functions of tubules in the nephron
Reabsorption and secretion
Name the 3 major types of nitrogenous waste products in urine
Urea, uric acid, creatinine
