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Anatomy And Physiology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

0
Q

What is viscosity?

A

The resistance to flow (thickness of blood)

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1
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A

Transport heat, oxygen, CO2, hormones, water

Protects with coagulation factors and WBCs

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2
Q

What is the haematocrit?

A

The percentage of whole blood made up of RBCs

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3
Q

What is the composition of blood?

A

55% plasma, 45% cells

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4
Q

What is the function of albumin?

A

Influences blood pressure, flow and fluid balance

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5
Q

Hat is the structure of haemoglobin?

A

4 protein chains, 2 alpha 2 beta

1 molecule capable of carrying 4 oxygen molecules

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6
Q

What are the different types of granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

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7
Q

What are the different types of agranulocutes?

A

Lymphocytes, monocytes

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8
Q

How do neutrophils act?

A

Phagocytosis of foreign bodies, increase during times of infection

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9
Q

How do monocytes act?

A

Move into tissues when mature and phagocytise any foreign bodies

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10
Q

What stimulates RBC production?

A

Erythroprotein

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11
Q

Describe haemopoiesis

A

Stem cells give rise to all blood cells. RBC starts with a nucleus but it fades as they mature. Cell size reduces and haemoglobin production begins

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12
Q

What is a reticulocyte?

A

A young RBC. Rare in blood circulation, appear only after severe blood loss

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13
Q

How are RBCs recycled?

A

Old RBCs are engulfed by monocytes in spleen and broken into haem and globin. Globin is broken into amino acids and name broken into iron and bilirubin

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14
Q

What is primary haemostasis?

A

Temporary plug of platelets

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15
Q

What is secondary haemostasis?

A

Coagulation, stable clot

16
Q

What are the 3 main stages of coagulation?

A

Vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

17
Q

What is vascular spasm?

A

The constriction of a blood vessel triggered by pain receptors

18
Q

What happens to form a platelet plug?

A

Platelets stick to exposed collagen of injured smooth muscle, plate,eats continue to stick together and release ADP to signal for more platelets

19
Q

What happens in coagulation to form a clot?

A

Reaction cascade of clotting factors forms a clot. Fibrinogen is converted to insoluble fibrin by thrombin.

20
Q

What are the different coagulation pathways?

A

Extrinsic and intrinsic

21
Q

What happens in the extrinsic coagulation pathway?

A

Factors are released by tissues to begin coagulation, within 5 seconds of injury

22
Q

What happens on the intrinsic coagulation pathway?

A

Factors in the blood form clot, occurs between 3-6 minutes

23
Q

What blood type is the universal donor?

A

O

24
Q

What blood type is the universal receiver?

A

AB

25
Q

What happens if a person is transfused the wrong blood?

A

Agglutination of RBCs, can block vessels, free Hb can block kidney tubules

Anatomy And Physiology (15 decks)

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