Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Name the pulse sites
Carotid, radial, ulna, facial, temporal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial
Name the 3 blood vascular systems
Pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation, lymphatic system
Name the 3 layers in blood vessels
Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima
What are the key differences between arteries and veins?
Arteries have thicker walls, smaller lumens and maintain their shape. No valves.
What are Arterioles?
Resistance vessels capable of constriction/dilation
What are the different types of capillaries?
Continuous, fenestrated, sinusoids
What are capillary beds?
A single metaarteriole feeding into up to 100 capillaries
What are venules?
Collect blood from capillary beds and deliver to small veins
Describe the pericardium
Surrounds the heart. Fibrous pericardium prevents overfilling of the heart, made on in elastic dense connective tissue.
Serous pericardium made up of parietal and visceral layers separated by pericardial cavity.
Name the 3 layers of heart wall
Endocardium, myocardium, epicardium
What are the stages of the cardiac cycle?
- Ventricular filling - passive
- Ventricular filling - Atrial Systole
- Isovolumetric contraction
- Ventricular Ejection
- Isovolumetric relaxation
What happens during passive ventricular filling?
AV valves open, atria do ventricles are relaxed. Blood flows through Atria and into ventricles
What happens during atrial systole?
Atria contract and force blood into ventricles
What happens during isovolumetric contraction?
Atria relax, ventricles contract. AV valves close (first heart sound)
What happens during Ventricular Ejection?
Ventricular pressure exceeds aortic and pulmonary pressure - semilunar valves forced open. Blood forced into aorta and pulmonary trunk.
