Skeletal System Flashcards
Describe movement of synarthrosis joints
Little or no movement
Describe movement of diarthroses joints
Freely moveable
Describe movement of ampiarthrosis joints
Slightly moveable
What do osteoblasts do?
Create new bone by secreting osteoid
What do osteocytes do?
Bone cells trapped in lacunae that maintain the matrix
What do osteoclasts do?
Bone remodelling, remove mineral from the matrix
What does organic matrix component consist of?
Collagen and proteins
WHat does inorganic matrix component consist of?
Mineral salts, calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
What is the role of red bone marrow?
Blood cell formation
What is yellow bone marrow made of?
Fatty tissue
Example of short bones
Carpals, tarsals
Example of long bones?
Femur, phalanges
Example of flat bones?
Sternum, scapula,
Example of irregular bones?
Vertebrae
Function of flat bone?
Protect organs and serve for muscle attachment
Function of long bone?
Longer that wide - act as levers
Function of short bones?
Equal in length & width, glide across each other
Function of irregular bones
Muscle attachment
Another term for an open fracture?
Compound
Another term for a closed fracture?
Simple
4 stages of bone healing?
- Haematoma formation
- Capillaries, macrophages, osteoclasts invade
- Soft callus hardened by minerals
- Remodelling by osteoclasts
What factors may affect bone healing?
Deficient blood supply, infection, poor alignment
Name 3 structural categories of joints
Cartilaginous, fibrous and synovial
Give an example of a ball & socket joint
Shoulder
Example of a hinge joint
Elbow
Example of a gliding joint
Sternoclavicular
Example of a pivot joint
Atlantoaxial
Example of ellipsoid joint
Radiocarpal
Example of a saddle joint
Thumb
What are the different types of ossification?
Intramembranous and endochondral
Name the bones of the upper limb
Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges
Name the bones of the lower limb
Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
