Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe movement of synarthrosis joints

A

Little or no movement

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2
Q

Describe movement of diarthroses joints

A

Freely moveable

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3
Q

Describe movement of ampiarthrosis joints

A

Slightly moveable

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4
Q

What do osteoblasts do?

A

Create new bone by secreting osteoid

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5
Q

What do osteocytes do?

A

Bone cells trapped in lacunae that maintain the matrix

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6
Q

What do osteoclasts do?

A

Bone remodelling, remove mineral from the matrix

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7
Q

What does organic matrix component consist of?

A

Collagen and proteins

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8
Q

WHat does inorganic matrix component consist of?

A

Mineral salts, calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate

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9
Q

What is the role of red bone marrow?

A

Blood cell formation

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10
Q

What is yellow bone marrow made of?

A

Fatty tissue

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11
Q

Example of short bones

A

Carpals, tarsals

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12
Q

Example of long bones?

A

Femur, phalanges

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13
Q

Example of flat bones?

A

Sternum, scapula,

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14
Q

Example of irregular bones?

A

Vertebrae

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15
Q

Function of flat bone?

A

Protect organs and serve for muscle attachment

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16
Q

Function of long bone?

A

Longer that wide - act as levers

17
Q

Function of short bones?

A

Equal in length & width, glide across each other

18
Q

Function of irregular bones

A

Muscle attachment

19
Q

Another term for an open fracture?

20
Q

Another term for a closed fracture?

21
Q

4 stages of bone healing?

A
  1. Haematoma formation
  2. Capillaries, macrophages, osteoclasts invade
  3. Soft callus hardened by minerals
  4. Remodelling by osteoclasts
22
Q

What factors may affect bone healing?

A

Deficient blood supply, infection, poor alignment

23
Q

Name 3 structural categories of joints

A

Cartilaginous, fibrous and synovial

24
Q

Give an example of a ball & socket joint

25
Example of a hinge joint
Elbow
26
Example of a gliding joint
Sternoclavicular
27
Example of a pivot joint
Atlantoaxial
28
Example of ellipsoid joint
Radiocarpal
29
Example of a saddle joint
Thumb
30
What are the different types of ossification?
Intramembranous and endochondral
31
Name the bones of the upper limb
Humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges
32
Name the bones of the lower limb
Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges