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Anatomy And Physiology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

When inhaling, is the pressure inside the lung higher or lower than atmospheric pressure?

A

Lower

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2
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

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3
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

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4
Q

What does the left lung have that the right lung doesn’t?

A

Cardiac notch

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5
Q

What does the right lung have that the left lung doesn’t?

A

Horizontal fissure

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6
Q

Describe the order of the pleura from outside in.

A

Parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleura

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7
Q

What is the upper respiratory tract made up of?

A

Nose, Nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx

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8
Q

What is the lower respiratory tract made up of?

A

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

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9
Q

What structure prevents food from entering the trachea?

A

Epiglottis

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10
Q

What structures make up the conducting zone?

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

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11
Q

What structures form the respiratory zone?

A

Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

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12
Q

What motion to cilia carry out i the upper respiratory tract?

A

Move mucus down towards the pharynx

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13
Q

What motion to cilia carry out i the lower respiratory tract?

A

Move mucus up towards the pharynx

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14
Q

How many orders of branching are they in the bronchial tree?

A

25

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15
Q

What is the order of the bronchial tree from top to bottom?

A 
Trachea
Primary Bronchi
Secondary Bronchi
Tertiary Bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles
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16
Q

What is the fundamental difference between bronchi and bronchioles?

A

Bronchi have cartilage to support their structure.

17
Q

What does pulmonary compliance mean?

A

The ease with which the lungs can be expanded

18
Q

What can affect pulmonary compliance?

A

Scar tissue, blockages in respiratory passageways, low levels of surfactant

19
Q

What is partial pressure?

A

The pressure exerted by a gas directly proportional to it’s % in total gas mixture

20
Q

What is Henry’s law?

A

The amount of gas that dissolves in water is determined by it’s solubility in water and it’s partial pressure in air

21
Q

What is Boyle’s law?

A

Temperature of a gas is constant, the pressure of a gas varies inversely with it’s volume

22
Q

What is Dalton’s law of partial pressure?

A

The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by the gases in the mixture

23
Q

How is oxygen transported around the body?

A
  1. 5% bound to Hb

1. 5% dissolved in plasma

24
Q

How is CO2 transported around the body?

A

7% in plasma
23% bound to globin peptide chains in Hb
70% as carbonic acid (bicarbonate ions) in plasma

25
Q

What is the equation for the conversion of CO2 to bicarbonate?

A

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO-

26
Q

What happens to the pH of blood when more CO2 is present?

A

Becomes more acidic

27
Q

What happens to the pH of blood when low levels of CO2 are present?

A

Becomes more alkaline

28
Q

What groups in the medulla control breathing?

A

Ventral respiratory group (VRG) and Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

29
Q

Define respiratory acidosis

A

The prescence of high hydrogen levels in the blood as a result of increased partial pressure of CO2 in the arterioles

30
Q

Why should extra precaution be taken when administering oxygen to a COPD patient?

A

They become used to constant high levels of CO2, if the wrong pressure of oxygen is given their hypoxic drive is removed

31
Q

What is hypoxic drive?

A

The stimulus we need to breath

32
Q

What is respiratory alkalosis?

A

When a lack of CO2 causes a decrease in Hydrogen in the blood, causing it to become alkaline

33
Q

Name the pontine respiratory centres

A

Apneustic and pneumotaxic centres

34
Q

Where are the central chemoceptors?

A

Medulla

35
Q

Where are the peripheral chemoceptors?

A

Aortic and carotid bodies

36
Q

What structures are involved in quiet inspiration?

A

Diaphragm, external intercostals

37
Q

What structures are involved in quiet expiration?

A

None. Apassive process powered by elasticity of the lungs

38
Q

What structures are involved in forced inspiration?

A

Scalene muscles, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor, pectoralis major

39
Q

What structures are involved in forced expiration?

A

Internal intercostals, oblique & rectus abdominis, quadratus lumborum

Anatomy And Physiology (15 decks)

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