Respiratory System Flashcards
When inhaling, is the pressure inside the lung higher or lower than atmospheric pressure?
Lower
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
What does the left lung have that the right lung doesn’t?
Cardiac notch
What does the right lung have that the left lung doesn’t?
Horizontal fissure
Describe the order of the pleura from outside in.
Parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleura
What is the upper respiratory tract made up of?
Nose, Nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx
What is the lower respiratory tract made up of?
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
What structure prevents food from entering the trachea?
Epiglottis
What structures make up the conducting zone?
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
What structures form the respiratory zone?
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli
What motion to cilia carry out i the upper respiratory tract?
Move mucus down towards the pharynx
What motion to cilia carry out i the lower respiratory tract?
Move mucus up towards the pharynx
How many orders of branching are they in the bronchial tree?
25
What is the order of the bronchial tree from top to bottom?
Trachea Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi Tertiary Bronchi Bronchioles Terminal Bronchioles
What is the fundamental difference between bronchi and bronchioles?
Bronchi have cartilage to support their structure.
What does pulmonary compliance mean?
The ease with which the lungs can be expanded
What can affect pulmonary compliance?
Scar tissue, blockages in respiratory passageways, low levels of surfactant
What is partial pressure?
The pressure exerted by a gas directly proportional to it’s % in total gas mixture
What is Henry’s law?
The amount of gas that dissolves in water is determined by it’s solubility in water and it’s partial pressure in air
What is Boyle’s law?
Temperature of a gas is constant, the pressure of a gas varies inversely with it’s volume
What is Dalton’s law of partial pressure?
The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by the gases in the mixture
How is oxygen transported around the body?
- 5% bound to Hb
1. 5% dissolved in plasma
How is CO2 transported around the body?
7% in plasma
23% bound to globin peptide chains in Hb
70% as carbonic acid (bicarbonate ions) in plasma
