Digestive System

Question 1

Give examples of intraperitoneal organs

Answer 1

Stomach, some of small intestine

Question 2

Give examples of retroperitoneal organs

Answer 2

Pancreas, part of duodenum

Question 3

What is an omentum?

Answer 3

Double layer of visceral peritoneum - attaches organ to organ

Question 4

What is the mesentry?

Answer 4

Double layer of visceral peritoneum that attaches organ to body wall

Question 5

What are the 4 layers of the GI tract?

Answer 5

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa/adventia

Question 6

What type of tissue is mucosa?

Answer 6

Epithelium, connective tissue and smooth muscle

Question 7

What type of tissue is submucosa?

Answer 7

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 8

WHat is the serosa?

Answer 8

Serous membrane that covers the structures within peritoneal cavity

Question 9

What blood vessels supply the GI tract?

Answer 9

Celiac trunk, superior mesentreric artery and inferior mesentric artery

Question 10

How is blood drained?

Answer 10

Via the hepatic portal system

Question 11

Name 3 hormones that control digestive function

Answer 11

Gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 12

What are carbohydrates broken down into?

Answer 12

Simple sugars

Question 13

What are proteins broken down into?

Answer 13

amino acids

Question 14

What are lipids broken down into?

Answer 14

Fatty acids & monoglycerides

Question 15

What is broken down in the mouth?

Answer 15

Carbohydrates and lipids

Question 16

What is digested in the stomach?

Answer 16

Proteins

Question 17

What is digested in the small intestine?

Answer 17

Carbs, proteins & lipids

Question 18

What enzymes are released in the mouth?

Answer 18

Salivary amylase, lingual lipase

Question 19

What cells produce HCL & intrinsic factor?

Answer 19

Parietal cells

Question 20

What cells produce pepsinogen?

Answer 20

Chief Cells

Question 21

What do enteroendocrine cells produce?

Answer 21

Gastrin

Question 22

Name 3 phases of gastric activity - in order

Answer 22

Cephalic phase
Gastric Phase
Intestinal phase

Question 23

Where does the pancreas open into?

Answer 23

Duodenum, sphincter of Oddi

Question 24

Where are Acini cells located and what do they produce?

Answer 24

Pancreas, secrete propeptidases, amylase, lipase, ribonuclease

Question 25

What do Duct cells secrete?

Answer 25

Water and sodium bicarbonate

Question 26

What do alpha cells secrete?

Answer 26

Glucagon

Question 27

What do beta cells secrete?

Answer 27

Insulin

Question 28

What role does the liver play in digestion?

Answer 28

Bile production

Question 29

Where is bile stored?

Answer 29

In the gall bladder

Question 30

Name 3 parts of the small intestine

Answer 30

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 31

What does cholecystokinin do?

Answer 31

Causes release of enzymes from acini cells, release of bile, relaxation of sphincter of Oddi. Reduces gastric motility & secretion in stomach.

Question 32

What does secretin do?

Answer 32

Causes release H2O & sodium bicarbonate from duct cells. Liver secretes bile. Reduces gastric motility.

Question 33

What does trypsin activate to digest protein?

Answer 33

Propeptidases eg trypsinogen, carboxypeptidase

Question 34

How are lipids absorbed?

Answer 34

As micelles by diffusion and as cholymicrons in interstitial fluid

Question 35

Where is water absorbed?

Answer 35

Large intestine