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Anatomy and Physiology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

System that rids waste produced by the body.

A

Urinary System

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2
Q

Term used to include both the urinary and reproductive organs?

A

Genitourinary

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3
Q

Alternative name for genitourinary?

A

Urogenital

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4
Q

Parts of the Urinary system?

A
  • Kidney
  • Ureters
  • Urinary Bladder
  • Urethra
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5
Q

Excretory organ of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys

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6
Q

Pipelines to the urinary bladder.

A

Ureters

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7
Q

Reservoir for urine?

A

Bladder

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8
Q

Waste pipe of the urinary system that leads outside?

A

Urethra.

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9
Q

Blood vessels of the urinary system?

A

Right and Left Renal Arteries
Right and Left Renal Veins

Vesical Arteries

Vesical Veins

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10
Q

Supply blood to the kidney?

A

Renal arteries

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11
Q

Drain blood from the kidneys?

A

Renal vein

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12
Q

Supply blood to the bladder?

A

Vesical arteries

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13
Q

Drain blood from the bladder?

A

Vesical veins

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14
Q

Medical terms for kidney?

A

ren and nephros

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15
Q

reddish brown bean shaped organ behind the peritoneum?

A

Kidney

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16
Q

Primary organ of excretion in the body?

A

Kidney

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17
Q

Alternative name for urination?

A

Micturition

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18
Q

Length of female urethra?

A

1-1.5 inches

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19
Q

Length of male urethra?

A

7-8 inches.

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20
Q

Thin muscular tube that drains urine from the bladder and conveys it out of the body?

A

Urethra.

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21
Q

Sphincter that encircles urethra providing voluntary control of urinization?

A

Urethral sphincter.

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22
Q

Capacity of urinary bladder?

A

500-1000mL.

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23
Q

Smooth muscular layer lining the urinary bladder?

A

Detrusor Muscle.

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24
Q

Smooth muscle sphincter at the junction of the urinary bladder and the urethra?

A

Internal urethral sphincter.

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25
Q

3 openings of the urinary bladder?

A 
Internal urethral orifice (1)
Urethral Opening (2)
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26
Q

Triangular region of the bladder base outlined by the urinary bladder openings?

A

Trigone.

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27
Q

Common site for infection in the urinary bladder.

A

Trigone.

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28
Q

Location of urinary bladder in males?

A

Anterior to rectum.

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29
Q

Location of urinary bladder in females?

A

Anterior to the vagina and uterus.

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30
Q

Smooth collapsible muscular sac that stores urine?

A

Urinary bladder.

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31
Q

3 layers of the ureter.

A

Outer Layer
Inner Layer

Middle Layer

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32
Q

Alternative name for outer layer of ureters?

A

Fibrous coat

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33
Q

Alternative name for middle layer of ureters?

A

Muscular coat.

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34
Q

Alternative name for inner layer of ureters?

A

Mucous coat.

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35
Q

Slender tubes that convey urine from the kidney to the bladder by peristalsis and gravity?

A

Ureters.

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36
Q

How does urine move down ureters?

A

Peristalsis and gravity.

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37
Q

Measurement of ureters?

A

10-12 inches.

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38
Q

Renal arteries are at right angles to what region?

A

Abdominal Aorta.

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39
Q

How much fluid does the kidney filter each day?

A

200 Litres a day

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40
Q

Function of the kidney?

A

Regulation composition, volume, removing toxins, metabolic waste, excess ions and pH of extra cellular fluid

41
Q

Process that supply glucose during fasting?

A

Gluconeogenesis

42
Q

Enzyme that helps produce and regulate blood pressure and kidney function?

A

Renin.

43
Q

Where is renin produced in the kidney?

A

Juxtaglomerular cells.

44
Q

another name for adrenal glands

A

Suprarenal glands

45
Q

Hormone which stimulates red blood cell production?

A

Erythropoietin.

46
Q

Chemicals produced in the kidney?

A

Gluconeogenesis
Renin

Erythropoietin

Vitamin D

47
Q

Landmark of kidneys

A

T12 and L3

48
Q

Which kidney is higher?

A

Left kidney

49
Q

How many centimeters higher is the other kidney?

A

1.5-2 cm.

50
Q

Weight of an adult kidney?

A

150 g

51
Q

Dimensions of an adult kidney?

A

12 cm long, 6 cm wide, 3 cm thick.

52
Q

Cleft found on the medial surface of the kidney that leads into the renal sinus?

A

Renal hilus

53
Q

Space within the kidney?

A

Renal sinus.

54
Q

Gland that lies on top of the kidneys?

A

Adrenal gland.

55
Q

What structures enters the renal hilus?

A

Ureters, renal blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves.

56
Q

What are the three layers of supportive tissue found around the kidney?

A

Renal capsule
Perirenal fat

Renal facia

57
Q

Adheres directly to the kidney surface and isolates it from surrounding region?

A

Renal capsule

58
Q

Attaches the kidney to posterior body wall and cushions it against trauma?

A

Adipose capsule

59
Q

Adipose capsule is also known as?

A

Perirenal or perinephric fat.

60
Q

Dense fibrous connective tissue which surrounds the kidney and anchors these organs to surrounding structures?

A

Renal Fascia

61
Q

3 regions of the kidney?

A

Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla

Renal Pelvis

62
Q

Most superficial region of the kidney which is light in colour and has a granular appearance?

A

Renal cortex

63
Q

Deep in the renal cortex which is darker and exhibits cone shaped masses?

A

Renal medulla

64
Q

Cone shaped masses found within the renal medulla?

A

Medullary Pyramids

65
Q

Alternative name for medullary pyramids?

A

Renal Pyramids.

66
Q

Parts of renal pyramid?

A

Base and apex

67
Q

Alternative name for apex of renal pyramid?

A

Renal Papilla

68
Q

Inward extensions of cortical tissue which separate each of the renal pyramids?

A

Renal columns.

69
Q

Found within the renal sinus which acts as a flat funnel that continues to the ureter, leaving the hilus.

A

Renal pelvis.

70
Q

2 to 3 short tubes into which the renal pelvis divides?

A

Major Calyces

71
Q

Small cups which each major calyx divides (in kidney)?

A

Minor calyces

72
Q

Structural and functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

73
Q

2 major parts of a nephron?

A

Renal Corpuscle

Renal Tubule.

74
Q

Where filtration occurs

A

Renal corpuscle

75
Q

Parts of renal corpuscle?

A

Glomerulus

Glomerular Capsule

76
Q

Alternative name for glomerular capsule?

A

Bowman’s Capsule

77
Q

Cells that line the glomerular capsule?

A

Podocytes

78
Q

Blood vessel that supplies the renal corpuscles with blood?

A

Afferent arterioles

79
Q

Blood vessel that drains the renal corpuscle?

A

Efferent arteriole

80
Q

The renal tubule consists of?

A

Proximal Convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle

Distal convoluted tubule

Collecting tubule

81
Q

Alternative name for loop of Henle

A

Loop of Nephron

82
Q

Structure formed where distal convoluted tubule comes in contact with afferent arteriole?

A

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

83
Q

3 processes in urine formation?

A

Glomerular filtration
Tubular reabsorption

Tubular secretion

84
Q

Blood pressure forces plasma, dissolved substances and small proteins out of the glomeruli, into the Bowman’s capsule.

A

Glomerular filtration

85
Q

What is plasma and dissolved substances called when it leaves glomeruli to the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Renal filtrate

86
Q

Where does renal filtrate go after the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Renal tubule

87
Q

During this process most of the nutrients, water and essential ions are reclaimed from the filtrate, and returned to the blood via surrounding connective tissue capillaries?

A

Tubular reabsorption.

88
Q

How many percent is reabsorbed during tubular reabsorption?

A

99%

89
Q

Undesirable molecules move into the tubule from the peritubular capillaries of the the kidney?

A

Tubular secretion

90
Q

Flow of renal filtrate?

A

Renal Corpuscle
Proximal convoluted tubule

Loop of Henle

Distal convoluted tubule

Collecting duct

Calyx

Renal Pelvis

Ureter

Urinary Bladder

Urethra

91
Q

How much blood is delivered to the kidneys in a minute?

A

1,200 mL

92
Q

Blood flow path of kidney?

A

Renal artery - Segmental Artery - Interlobar Artery - Arcuate Artery - Interlobular Artery - Afferent arterioles - Efferent arterioles - Peritubular Capillaries - Vasa recta - Interlobular vein - Arcuate Vein - Interlobar Vein

93
Q

Artery which is at right angles from abdominal aorta which supplies blood to the kidney?

A

Renal arteries

94
Q

Renal arteries are at right angles to?

A

Abdominal Aorta

95
Q

Renal artery divides into?

A

5 Segmental arteries

96
Q

Artery which enters the kidney between the renal pyramids?

A

Interlobar Artery

97
Q

Arteries which Pass out towards the kidneys surface?

A

Interlobular artery

98
Q

Arch of blood vessels over the bases of the pyramid?

A

Arcuate artery

99
Q

Unite to form the smallest vein, surrounding the renal tubule?

A

Peritubular capillaries

Anatomy and Physiology (14 decks)

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