Foundations of Anatomy Flashcards
What is the importance of studying anatomy and physiology?
Understanding disease.Understanding of our body.Understanding instructions from other professionals.
What are the types of anatomy?
SystemicRegionalSurfaceAnatomical Imaging
Meaning of ana?
Up
Studies the body systems?
Systemic Anatomy
Meaning of Tome?
To cut.
Smallest level of the body?
Chemical.
Group of cells with a similar structure and function?
Tissues.
A group of organs?
Organ system.
What are the levels of organization?
Chemical (Atomic and molecular)CellularTissueOrganOrgan SystemOrganism
Conditions that change triggering homeostasis?
Variables.
What is the study of the function of organs and organ systems?
Physiology.
Studies the external features of the body?
Surface Anatomy.
Study of structure of the body?
Anatomy
All structural levels working together?
Organism
Characteristics of life?
Organization, Metabolism, Responsiveness, Growth, Development, Reproduction.
Study of anatomy using medical images?
Anatomical imaging.
Basic uni of life?
Cell.
Ability to break down substances into useable sub units?
Catabolism.
Changes in cell structure and function from generalized to special?
Development through differentiation of cells.
How many organ systems are there?
11
Formation of new cells or new organisms?
Reproduction.
Normal body temperature?
98.6 F and 37 C.
The build up of sub units for other chemical reactions?
Anabolism.
Maintenance of a constant internal environment?
Homeostasis.
Mechanism of homeostasis which maintains and regulates it. It is a deviation from the set point.
Negative feedback.
Components of negative feedback?
Receptor Control CentreEffector
Component of negative feedback which establishes and responds to the detected change?
Control Centre.
A group of 2 or more tissues?
Organs.
What are the basic body positions?
Anatomical positionSupineProne
An increase in size?
Growth.
Your Pnemonic for organ systems?
CRIES REMINDCirculatory, Respiratory, Integumentary, Excretory (Urinary) Skeletal, Reproductive, Endocrine, Muscular, Immune (Lymphatic), Nervous, Digestive.
Acceptable range before homeostasis occurs?
Normal range.
Responds to environmental change in negative feedback?
Effector.
Describe prone.
Lying face down.
At the back of a certain structure.
Posterior (Dorsal).
Describe the anatomical position?
Standing, erect, face palms and toes facing forward. Limbs are extended with feet together.
Above a structure?
Superior.
Alternative name for anterior?
Ventral.
Detects the change in homeostasis?
Receptor.
Ability to use energy for chemical reactions?
Metabolism.
Ability to sense the changes in the environment?
Responsiveness.
Alternative name for posterior.
Dorsal.
Alternative to medial?
Mesial.
Away from midline?
Lateral.
On the same side of the body?
Ipsilateral (homolateral).
Closer to the point of attachment.
Proximal (Juxtal)
Towards the interior of a structure or the body.
Deep.
In front of a structure?
Anterior (Ventral)
What make up the lower limb?
Thigh, lower leg, ankle, foot.
Ideal or normal value affecting homeostasis?
Set point.
Below a structure?
Inferior.
What are the body regions?
Upper limbs, lower limbs, Central and trunk.
Describe supine.
Lying face up.
Alternative to ipsilateral?
Homolateral.
Closer to the surface of a structure.
Superficial.
Point of intersection for the two imaginary lines that subdivide the abdominal region.
Naval area.
Refers to the palm of the hand?
Palmar.
Refers to the sole of the foot?
Plantar?
What make up the central region?
Head, neck and trunk.
Equally divides the body left and right?
Midsaggital.
Components of posterior cavity?
Cranial CavityVertebral Cavity.
Normal bp level?
120/80
Runs horizontally and separates body into top and bottom?
Transverse (horizontal)
Closer to the midline?
Medial (median).
To be on the opposite side of the body.
Contralateral.
Refers to either the palm or sole?
Volar.
Alternative name for transverse?
Horizontal.
Two main body cavities?
Posterior CavityAnterior Cavity.
What make up the trunk?
Thoracic cavity, and the abdominopelvic cavity.
Latin word for flat?
Planus.
Cavity that lies within the cranium and encloses the brain?
Cranial cavity.
Deviation from set point becomes greater and makes situations worse?
Positive feedback.
Components of the abdominopelvic cavity?
Abdomical cavityPelvic Cavity
Alternative name for coronal?
Frontal.
Cavity that encloses the spinal cord?
Vertebral Cavity.
Components of the thoracic cavity?
Mediastinum CavityPleural CavityPericardial Cavity
Cavity which lies within the bony pelvis?
Pelvic Cavity.
Studies specific regions of the body?
Regional anatomy.
Cavity that extends from the inferior surface of the diaphragm to the pelvic bone.
Abdominal cavity.
Components of the Anterior Cavity?
Thoracic CavityAbdominopelvic Cavity
Serous membrane that lines cavity walls?
Parietal membranes.
Further from point of attachment.
Distal.
What make up the thoracic cavity?
Heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland.
Cavities which surround the lungs?
Pleural Cavity.
What make up the abdominal cavity?
Stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys.
What cavities are lined with serous membranes?
Pericardial CavityPleural CavityPeritoneal Cavity
Membrane that covers organs and lines cavity walls?
Serous membranes.
Runs vertically and separates body into anterior and posterior?
Coronal (frontal).
Serous membrane that covers organs?
Visceral membrane.
Central cavity of the thoracic region?
Mediastinum Cavity.
Runs vertically and separates the body into left and right.
Sagittal.
Double layered membrane that covers organs and anchors them to body wall?
Mesentery.
What make up serous membranes?
Visceral MembraneParietal Membrane
Cavity which surrounds the heart?
Pericardial Cavity.
Two types of membranes?
MesenterySerous Membrane
What make up the pelvic cavity?
Urinary bladder, reproductive organs, part of the large intestine.
Components of Addison’s regions.
Hypochondriac (L & R), EpigastricLumbar (L & R), UmbilicalIliac (L & R), Hypogastric
What make up the upper limbs?
Upper arm, forearm, wrist, hand.
