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Anatomy and Physiology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Where does respiration start?

A

Nose

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2
Q

Hollow space behind the nose?

A

Nasal Cavity

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3
Q

External opening of the nose?

A

Nostrils

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4
Q

Alternative name for nostrils?

A

Nares

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5
Q

Hairs found inside nostrils?

A

Cilia

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6
Q

Two groups of respiratory tract?

A
  • Upper Respiratory Tract

* Lower Respiratory Tract

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7
Q

Consists of parts outside the chest cavity?

A

Upper Respiratory tract.

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8
Q

Consists of parts found within the chest cavity?

A

Lower Respiratory Tract.

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9
Q

Function of nasal cavity?

A
  • Warm
  • Moisten
  • Filter
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10
Q

Lies posterior to nasal cavity, oral and larynx.

A

Pharynx.

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11
Q

Length of Pharynx?

A

5 inches.

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12
Q

Function of pharynx?

A

Common passageway for food and air.

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13
Q

Divisions of pharynx?

A
  • Nasopharynx
  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngopharynx
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14
Q

Alternative name for Larynx?

A

Voice box

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15
Q

Enlargement of airways at the top of trachea, below pharynx?

A

Larynx.

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16
Q

How many cartilage surround the larynx?

A

9

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17
Q

Largest cartilage in larynx?

A

Thyroid Cartilage

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18
Q

Upper most cartilage in larynx?

A

Epiglottic Cartilage

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19
Q

Alternative name for Laryngeal Prominence?

A

Adam’s Apple.

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20
Q

Alternative name for Adam’s Apple?

A

Laryngeal Prominence.

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21
Q

Trachea is also known as?

A

Wind Pipe.

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22
Q

Diameter of trachea?

A

2.5cm

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23
Q

Length of trachea?

A

10-13cm.

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24
Q

Landmarks of trachea?

A

C6 to T4

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25
Q

How many catilage rings does the trachea have?

A

20

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26
Q

Shape of cartilage in trachea?

A

C shape

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27
Q

What lies posterior to trachea?

A

Esophagus.

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28
Q

Parts of bronchial tree?

A
  • Primary Bronchi
  • Secondary Bronchi
  • Tertiary Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
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29
Q

Branched airways leading from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs in the lungs?

A

Bronchial tree.

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30
Q

Alternative name for primary bronchi?

A

Principal Bronchi

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31
Q

Alternative name for secondary bronchi?

A

Lobar Bronchi

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32
Q

Alternative name for tertiary bronchi?

A

Segmental Bronchi

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33
Q

Trachea divides into?

A

Left and Right Primary Bronchi

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34
Q

Ridge separating the openings of the right and left principal bronchi?

A

Carina.

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35
Q

Bronchus which is wider, shorter and almost vertical, where foreign objects tend to get lodged?

A

Right Bronchus.

36
Q

More horizontal bronchus, displaced by heart?

A

Left Bronchus.

37
Q

Formed by the division of the smallest bronchi?

A

Bronchioles

38
Q

Name of smallest bronchioles?

A

Respiratory Bronchioles.

39
Q

Alternative name for respiratory bronchioles?

A

Terminal Bronchioles.

40
Q

Small air sacs where gas exchange occurs?

A

Alveoli.

41
Q

Alveoli are lined with what type of cells?

A

Thin Epithelium.

42
Q

Two cells that line alveoli.

A
  • Type 1 Alveolar Cells

* Type 2 Alveolar Cells.

43
Q

Function of Type 1 Alveolar Cells?

A

Thin for gas exchange.

44
Q

Function of Type 2 Alveolar Cells?

A

Secret Surfactant.

45
Q

Purpose of Lung Surfactant?

A

Reduce surface tension, keeping lungs open.

46
Q

Alveoli are surrounded by?

A

Pulmonary Capillaries.

47
Q

Soft Spongy, cone shaped organ which is the principal organ of respiration?

A

Lungs

48
Q

Shape of lungs?

A

Cone shaped.

49
Q

Membrane on the surface of the lungs?

A

Visceral pleura.

50
Q

Membrane that lines the chest wall?

A

Parietal Pleura.

51
Q

Space around each lung?

A

Pleural Cavity.

52
Q

Upper blunt pointed end that reaches one inch above clavicle?

A

Apex.

53
Q

Broad lower end that rests upon the upper surface of diaphragm?

A

Base.

54
Q

Depression or indentation on the medial surface of each lung where structures enter or leave the lung.

A

Hilum.

55
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

56
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

57
Q

What are the 3 left lobes of the lungs?

A
  • Right Superior Lobe
  • Right Middle Lobe
  • Right Inferior Lobe
58
Q

What is the tongue shaped projection in the upper lobe of the left lung?

A

Lingula

59
Q

Name the 2 left lobes of the lung?

A
  • Left Superior Lobe

* Right Superior Lobe

60
Q

Which lung has a cardiac notch?

A

Left Lung.

61
Q

Narrow grooves or slits that divide the lungs into lobes?

A

Fissures.

62
Q

Name the fissures.

A
  • Oblique Fissure

* Horizontal Fissure

63
Q

Segments which form the structural unit of the lungs?

A

Pulmonary segments.

64
Q

How many pulmonary segments are there on the right lung?

A

10

65
Q

How many pulmonary segments are there on the left lung?

A

9

66
Q

How many litres of air do you breathe every minute?

A

6 Litres.

67
Q

Movement of air from outside to inside of the body?

A

Breathing

68
Q

Alternative name for breathing?

A

Ventilation

69
Q

Movement of air into lungs?

A

Inspiration

70
Q

Movement of air out of the lungs?

A

Expiration

71
Q

Alternative name for inspiration?

A

Inhalation.

72
Q

Alternative name for Expiration?

A

Exhalation.

73
Q

Muscles for Inspiration?

A
  • Diaphragm
  • External Intercostal
  • Scalenes
  • Sternocleidomastoid.
74
Q

Muscles for expiration?

A

Internal Intercostal

75
Q

When thoracic cavity volume increases, pressure?

A

Decreases

76
Q

When thoracic cavity volume decreases, pressure?

A

Increases

77
Q

Air flows from?

A

High to low pressure.

78
Q

When diaphragm descends and rib cage expands?

A

Inhalation

79
Q

What happens to volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation?

A

Volume increases.

80
Q

What happens to pressure when inhaling?

A

Pressure decreases.

81
Q

Volume of air that is breathed in or out during normal inspiration/expiration?

A

Tidal Volume

82
Q

Extra volume of air that can be inspired?

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume.

83
Q

Volume of air that can be expelled from lungs (normal).

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume.

84
Q

Amount of air following a forced expiration which cannot be expelled?

A

Residual Volume.

85
Q

Sum of IRV, ERV and Tidal volume?

A

Vital Capacity.

86
Q

Vital capacity plus residual volume?

A

Total Lung capacity.

Anatomy and Physiology (14 decks)

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