Reproductive System Flashcards
Puberty starts at what age?
10-14
Reproductive organs are known as?
Genitals
Reproductive cells are know as?
Gametes
Glands that produce gametes?
Gonads
Two types of gonads?
- Testes
* Ovaries
Male gamete?
Sperm
Female gamete?
egg cell
Alternative name for egg cell?
- Ovum
* Oocyte
A fertilized ovum?
Zygote
Process which organisms produce offspring?
Sexual reproduction.
Union of female ovum and male spermatozoon, the beginning of an embryo.
Fertilization
Ability to produce offspring by a sperm uniting with an ovum?
Fertility
Medical term for sexual intercourse?
Coitus.
Primary sex organ for males?
Testes
Ducts of the male reproductive system?
- Epididymis
- Vas Deferens
- Urethra
Accessory glands of the male reproductive system?
- Seminal Vesicle
- Prostate Gland
- Bulbourethral Gland
Supporting structures of the male reproductive system?
- Penis
* Scrotum
Other terms for testis?
- Testicles
* Orchis
Dimensions of testis?
- 4cm long
* 2.5cm wide
Surrounds each testis and divides into 250 lobules?
Tunica Albuginea
Where spermatogenesis occurs
Seminiferous Tubules
Two cells which exist within seminiferous tubules?
- Spermatogenic Cells
* Interstitial Cells
Alternative name for Interstitial cells of the seminiferous tubules?
Leydig Cells
Cells which give rise to sperm cells?
spermatogenic cells
Cells which produce and secrete male sex hormones?
Interstitial Cells
Tiny tadpole shaped cells?
Sperm Cells
Length of sperm cell?
0.06mm Long
Parts of sperm cell?
- Head
- Midpiece
- Tail
Found in the head of sperm cells?
Acrosome
Contains enzymes that are released during fertilization, it aids in sperm penetration of egg cell.
Acrosome.
Part of sperm which contains mitochondria
Midpiece
Alternative name for tail of sperm?
Flagellum
Formation of sperm?
Spermatogenesis.
Process of spermatogenesis?
- Spermatogonia
- Primary Spermatocytes
- Secondary Spermatocytes
- Spermatid
- Sperm Cells
Comma shaped structure on the posterior side of the testis?
Epididymis
Length of epididymis?
20 Ft
Union of several ducts which originate from the seminiferous tubules?
Epididymis.
Site for temporary storage and maturation of immature sperm cells?
Epididymis.
Maturation time frame of sperm cells in epididymis?
20 Days.
Alternative name for Vas Deferens?
- Ductus Deferens
* Wolffian Duct
Contains the vas deferens, testicular arteries and veins and the lymphatics and nerves for the testis?
Spermatic Cord
Formed by the union of the duct of the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens?
Ejaculatory Duct
Conveys the spermatozoa and the secretions of the seminal vesicle to the prostatic urethra?
Ejaculatory Duct
Shared terminal duct of the reproductive and urinary system?
Urethra.
Passageway for both semen and urine?
Urethra
3 Regions of the urethra?
Prostatic Urethra
Membranous Urethra
Spongy Urethra
Alternative name for spongy urethra?
Penile Urethra
Urethra which passes through prostate?
Prostatic Urethra
Urethra which passes through floor of pelvis?
Membranous Urethra
Urethra which extends the length of the penis?
Spongy Uretha
Located at the base of the bladder and produces 60% of semen volume?
Seminal Vesicle
How much semen volume does the seminal vesicle produce?
60%
Contents of seminal vesicle secretion?
Thick yellowish fluid which contains Fructose and Vitamin C
Gland that is the size and shape of a chestnut?
Prostate
Secretes a milky fluid which activates the sperm?
Prostate gland
Alternative name for bulbourethral gland?
Cowper’s Gland
Tiny glands inferior to prostate?
Bulbourethral glands
Produce a thick clear mucus that drains into the penile urethra?
Bulbourethral glands.
Produces fluid which clenses the urethra and acts as a lubricant during sexual intercourse for men?
Bulbourethral glands.
A milky white substance which is a mixture of sperm and gland secretions?
Semen
Secretion percent make up of semen?
60% seminal vesicle
30% Prostate Glands
5% Bulbourethral glands
5% testes contribution
Optimum pH for sperm?
6.0-6.5
pH of vagina?
3.5 - 4.0
Normal volume of sperm?
2-5mL
Normal amount of sperm per mL?
100 million
Pathway of sperm?
- Sperm develop (seminiferous Tubules)
- Mature in Epididymis
- Ductus Deferens
- Secretions from Seminal vesicles, prostate glands and bulbourethral glands
- Exit through urethra.
Sac like structure which holds testes?
Scrotum
Function of scrotum?
- Protection
* Temperature Regulation
Parts of the scrotum which mark the partition between the two testes?
Raphe - Outside
Septum - Inside
Two muscles which regulate testest temperature?
- Dartos
* Cremaster
Male organ of copulation?
Penis
Length of penis?
6 inches
Parts of the penis?
Root
Body
Tissue which gets filled with blood which causes penile erection?
Erectile Tissue
Two cylinders of erectile tissue that occupy lateral and upper parts of the penis?
Corpora Cavernosa
Singular cylinder of erectile tissue centrally located, extends from membranous urethra to end of penis?
Corpora Spongiosum
Enlargement at the distal end of the corpora spongiosum, it covers the end of the corpora cavernosa and bears the urethral opening?
Glans Penis
Alternative name for foreskin?
Prepuce
Loose fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised penis?
foreskin
Surgical removal of prepuce?
Circumcision
Chemical which dilates the arteries leading to the penis?
Vasodilator Nitric Oxide
Engorgement of the penile blood sinuses under sexual excitation?
Erection
Culmination of sexual stimulation, pleasure felt during physiological and psychological release?
Orgasm
Movement of sperm cells from the testes and and secretions from the prostate glade and seminal vesicles to the urethra
Emission
Process of forcing the release of semen.
Ejaculation
Major male hormone secreted by the testes?
Testosterone.
Enumerate the secondary sexual characteristics for men?
- Skin texture
- Fat Distribution
- Skeletal muscle growth
- Larynx changes
Fold of peritoneum that covers the floor of female pelvis, it serves as mesentery that holds the uterus, ovaries and uterine tubes.
Broad Ligament
Two regions of the pelvis.
- Anterior
* Posterior
The posterior region of the pelvis contains?
Rectum
The anterior region of the pelvis contains?
Bladder
What are the 3 divisions of the broad ligament of the uterus?
- Mesometrium
- Mesovarium
- Mesosalpinx
Primary female sex organ?
Ovaries
Internal reproductive system parts of the female?
- Uterine Tubes
- Uterus
- Vagina
External reproductive system parts of the female?
- Labia Majora
- Labia Minora
- Clitoris
- Vestibular Glands
Produce eggs/ova, estrogen and progesterone?
Ovaries.
Size and shape of an ovary?
Almond
Alternative name for egg cell?
Ova
Formation of egg cell?
Oogenesis.
Cells from which oocytes develop?
Oogonia
Stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles?
Follicle Stimulating Hormones
Secrete estrogen for maturation of ovum?
Follicles
Expulsion of ripe ovum into pelvic cavity?
Ovulation
Forms after Graafian follicle expels ovum?
Corpus Luteum
Part of the ovary which produces progesterone.
Corpus Luteum
Remnant of corpus luteum?
Corpus Albicans
Females are born with how many oogonia?
2 million
How many oogonia are left at puberty?
300,000 - 400,000
What sweeps oocytes from ovary to uterine tubes?
Fimbriae
Where does zygote implant itself?
Uterus
Union of sperm and oocyte?
Fertilization.
How long after fertilization does it take for an embryo to form?
3-14 days
Time span of an embryo?
14-56 days
How long does an embryo turn into a fetus?
56 days after fertilization
How long does an oocyte live for?
24 hours.
Alternative name for uterine tubes?
- Oviduct
* Fallopian Tube
Receives ovulated oocyte and provides a site where fertilization occurs?
Fallopian tube
Length of fallopian tube?
10cm
Finger like projections of uterine tube which hold the ovaries?
Fimbrae
Three parts of the uterine tubes?
- Infundibulum
- Ampulla
- Isthmus
Funnel shaped portion of the uterine tube?
Infundibulum
Widest portion of the uterine tubes?
Ampulla
Medial, short, narrow and thick walled portion of the uterine tubes?
Isthmus
Located between urinary bladder and rectum?
Uterus
Hollow organ that receives, retains and nourishes fertilized egg?
Uterus
Shape and size of uterus of a a woman who has never been pregnant?
Pear
What suspends the uterus?
Broad Ligament.
Walls of the uterus
- Endometrium
- Myometrium
- Perimetrium
Inner most wall of uterus?
Endometrium
Middle muscular wall of uterus?
Myometrium
Outer serosal layer of uterus?
Perimetrium
Parts of the uterus?
- Fundus
- Body
- Cervix
Dome shaped portion of the uterus superior to uterine tubes?
Fundus
Inferior narrow part of the uterus which is an outlet that protrudes into the vagina?
Cervix.
Thin walled tube which lies between the bladder and rectum. It is the female organ of copulation?
Vagina
Length of vagina?
3.6 Inches
Vascular sheath covering vaginal orifice that ruptures during first intercourse
Hymen
Functions of vagina?
- Accommodate penis
- Passage for menstrual discharge
- Forms Birth Canal
Fatty rounded area overlying symphysis pubis. Covered with hair?
Mons pubis
Hair covered skin folds running posteriorly from the mons pubis, enclosing labia minora?
Labia Majora
Delicate hair free folds that enclose the vestibule?
Labia minora.
Small rounded prominence at the anterior end of the vulva between labia minora.
Clitoris
Area between the medial margin of the labia minora and clitoris. Perforated by external urethral opening and vaginal opening?
Vestibule
Alternative name for vestibular glands?
Bartholin’s Gland
Glands found on the floor of vestibule which lubricate the vagina during intercourse?
Vestibular glands.
When is a normal female receptive to fertilization?
14 days after first bleed
What part of the uterus changes cyclicly during menstruation?
Endometrium.
Hormones involved in menstruation
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone
- Leutinizing Hormone
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
Typical menstrual cycle length?
28 Days
Phases of menstruation.
- Menstrual phase
- Follicular Phase
- Luteal Phase
First day of bleeding.
Start of Menstrual Phase
Menstrual phase that Follicle Stimulating Hormone causes follicles to grow and estrogen causes lining of uterus to grow and thicken.
Follicular Phase
When does ovulation occur?
14 days after first day of bleeding.
Menstrual phase where Corpus luteum begins to secrete progesterone which stimulates further growth in endometrium.
Luteal Phase
Discharge of blood and lining membrane of uterus about every 28 days.
Menstruation
1st episode of menstrual bleeding
Menarche
Cessation of periodic menstruation.
Menopause
When does menopause set in?
45-50
Small rounded prominence that extends out from breast at its center?
Nipple
Circular area of skin surrounding the base of the nipple.
Areola
15 to 20 small tubes that pass from lobes to open upon the surface of the nipple. Stores milk.
Lactiferous ducts.
Parts of the mammary gland
- Lobes
- Lobules
- Alveolar Glands
Larger divisions of the breast, made up of many secreting lobules.
Lobes
Small secreting units of the breast.
Lobules.
Produce and secrete milk in the breast.
Alveolar Glands
