Axial Skeleton Flashcards
Greek meaning of skeleton?
Dried up body
Functions of skeletal system?
- Support
- Protect
- Movement
- Storage
- Blood Cell Production
Components of skeletal system
- Bone
- Cartilage
- Tendons
- Ligaments
Reduce friction and model for bone formation?
Cartilage
Attach muscle to bone?
Tendons
Attach bone to bone?
Ligaments
Bone forming cells
Osteoblasts
Bone destroying cells
Osteoclasts
Process of reabsorbing minerals of the bone matrix.
Resorption
Removal of existing bones by osteoclasts and formation of new bones by osteoblasts.
Bone remodelling
Repair of damaged bones by formation of a callus which is replaced by bone?
Bone repair.
Formation of bone by osteoblasts?
Ossification
Two types of ossification?
Intramembranous Ossification
Endochondral Ossification
Bone formation within connective tissue membranes?
Intramembranous Ossification
Bone formation inside cartilage.
Endochondral Ossification
Number of bones in adult skeleton?
206
2 divisions of skeleton?
Axial Skeleton, Appendicular Skeleton
Number of bones that make up the axial skeleton?
80
Number of bones that make up the appendicular skeleton?
126
Components of the appendicular skeleton?
Shoulder Girdle Pelvic Girdle
Number of cranial bones?
8
Number of facial bones?
14
Regions of the vertebra?
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
How many bones are in the cervical spine?
7
How many bones are in the thoracic spine?
12
How many bones are in the lumbar spine?
5
How many bones make up a fused sacrum?
5
How many bones make up a fused coccyx?
3-5
How many ear ossicle bones do we have?
6
How many ribs do we have?
24
What are the ear ossicles?
Malleus, Stapes, Incus
Smallest bone in the body?
Stapes
Largest bone in the body
Femur
What are the four classification of bones?
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
Membrane that surrounds long bones?
Periosteum
Cartilage which covers articulating surfaces of long bones?
Hyaline Cartilage
Alternative name for Hyaline Cartilage?
Articular Cartilage
Consists of a body and 2 ends?
Long bone
Type of bone only found in appendicular skeleton?
Long bones.
Cube shaped and mostly spongy bone?
Short bone.
Type of bone only found in the wrist and ankles?
Short bones
Flat, thin and curved with a layer of spongy bone in between a layer of compact bone.
Flat bones
Bones which do not fit any other classification.
Irregular bones
Shaft of long bones.
Diaphysis
Ends of long bones?
Epiphysis
Two types of bone?
Compact and Spongy
Alternative name for compact bone?
Cortical Bone
Dense closely knit bone which is made up of haversian systems under the periosteum.
Compact bone
Porous and loosly knit bone usually under compact bone?
Spongy bone
Alternative name for spongy bone?
Cancellous Bone.
Central cavity which houses marrow?
Marrow Cavity
Alternative name for marrow cavity?
Medullary cavity
Two types of bone marrow?
Red and Yellow
Marrow which form red blood cells and some white blood cells?
Red Bone Marrow
Marrow which forms adipose tissue?
Yellow Bone Marrow
Mnemonic for fractures?
Simple Compresions fractures Compound Spiraling Depression Impacting Comminuted Greensticks
Fracture where bone breaks cleanly without penetrating skin?
Simple Fracture
Alternative name for simple fracture?
Closed Fracture
Fracture where bone breaks and ends protrude through tissue of the skin.
Compound fracture
Alternative name for compound fractures.
Open fractures
Fracture where bone breaks into fragments.
Comminuted Fractures
Fracture where bone is crushed
Compression Fractures
Fracture where bone is pressed inward when fractured?
Depression fracture
Fracture where broken bone ends are forced into each other.
Impacted Fracture
Fracture where bone breaks due to excessive twisting?
Spiral Fracture
Fracture where bone breaks incompletely
Greenstick Fracture
What make up the axial skeleton?
- Skull
- Hyoid Bone
- Vertebral Column
- Thoracic Cage.
How many bones does the skull have?
22
Bones that encloses and protects the brain?
Cranium
Alternative name for facial region?
Visceral Cranium
Bone of the skull at the side and base of the cranium?
Sphenoid.
Name the saddle shaped portion of the sphenoid?
Sella turcica
What organ does the Sella Turcica protect?
Pituitary Gland
Part of the nasal roof and is the passageway for nerves and forms the nasal cavity?
Ethmoid Bone
Top of the head is also known as?
Vertex
Line from glabella to external acoustic meatus?
Glabellomeatal Line
Line drawn from the canthus to the external acoustic meatus?
Orbitomeatal Line
Line drawn from the acanthion to the external acoustic meatus?
Acanthiomeatal line
A line drawn from the mental point to the external acoustic meatus.
Mentomeatal Line
Line from infraorbital ride to the external acoustic meatus.
Infra-orbitomeatal line
Line drawn across the pupils.
Interpupillary Line
Line drawn from the glabella downwards
Glabelloalveolar Line
Reduce weight of the skull and allows the voice to resonate.
Sinus
Enumerate the 4 Sinuses
- Maxillary Sinuses
- Frontal Sinuses
- Ethmoid Sinuses
- Sphenoid Sinuses
U shaped bone located above the voice box, only bone that does not articulate to other bones.
Hyoid Bone.
Anchors tongue and attaches to muscles.
Hyoid Bone.
Fibrocartilage which lay inbetween vertebrae.
Intervertebral disk.
Which part of the spine curves towards the anterior of the body.
Cervical and Lumbar
Which part of the spine curves posteriorly
Thoracic and Sacral.
Humpbacks
Kyphosis
Swayback
Lordosis.
Posterior part of the vertebral arch.
Laminae
Anterior part of the the vertebrae?
Vertebral Body
Sides of the vertebral arch?
Pedicle
Opening formed by the superior and inferior vertebral notch?
Intervertebral Foramina
Does the yes motion
Atlas
Does the no motion
Axis
Dens is also known as?
Odontoid Process
Extra long spinous process?
Vertebra Prominens
Double pointed spinous process
Bifid.
Alternative name for sternum
Body or Gladiolus
Number of true ribs
7
Number of false ribs
5
Number of hanging ribs
2
Cartilage which connects ribs to sternum
Costal cartilage
Alternative name for the sternum?
Breastbone
Name the four sinuses
Maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus.
Attachment of auricle to body?
Top of ear attachment.
Cartilaginous flap of the ear?
Auricle
Small flap of cartilage which covers the ear?
Tragus
Alternative name for compact bone?
Cortex
System which makes up compact bones?
Haversian sysmtem
Largest sinus?
Maxillary Sinus
Alternative name for maxillary sinus?
Antrum of Highmore.
