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Anatomy and Physiology > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Greek meaning of skeleton?

A

Dried up body

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2
Q

Functions of skeletal system?

A
  1. Support
  2. Protect
  3. Movement
  4. Storage
  5. Blood Cell Production
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3
Q

Components of skeletal system

A
  1. Bone
  2. Cartilage
  3. Tendons
  4. Ligaments
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4
Q

Reduce friction and model for bone formation?

A

Cartilage

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5
Q

Attach muscle to bone?

A

Tendons

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6
Q

Attach bone to bone?

A

Ligaments

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7
Q

Bone forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

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8
Q

Bone destroying cells

A

Osteoclasts

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9
Q

Process of reabsorbing minerals of the bone matrix.

A

Resorption

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10
Q

Removal of existing bones by osteoclasts and formation of new bones by osteoblasts.

A

Bone remodelling

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11
Q

Repair of damaged bones by formation of a callus which is replaced by bone?

A

Bone repair.

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12
Q

Formation of bone by osteoblasts?

A

Ossification

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13
Q

Two types of ossification?

A

Intramembranous Ossification

Endochondral Ossification

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14
Q

Bone formation within connective tissue membranes?

A

Intramembranous Ossification

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15
Q

Bone formation inside cartilage.

A

Endochondral Ossification

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16
Q

Number of bones in adult skeleton?

A

206

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17
Q

2 divisions of skeleton?

A

Axial Skeleton, Appendicular Skeleton

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18
Q

Number of bones that make up the axial skeleton?

A

80

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19
Q

Number of bones that make up the appendicular skeleton?

A

126

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20
Q

Components of the appendicular skeleton?

A

Shoulder Girdle
 Pelvic Girdle

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21
Q

Number of cranial bones?

A

8

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22
Q

Number of facial bones?

A

14

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23
Q

Regions of the vertebra?

A
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
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24
Q

How many bones are in the cervical spine?

A

7

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25
Q

How many bones are in the thoracic spine?

A

12

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26
Q

How many bones are in the lumbar spine?

A

5

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27
Q

How many bones make up a fused sacrum?

A

5

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28
Q

How many bones make up a fused coccyx?

A

3-5

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29
Q

How many ear ossicle bones do we have?

A

6

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30
Q

How many ribs do we have?

A

24

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31
Q

What are the ear ossicles?

A

Malleus, Stapes, Incus

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32
Q

Smallest bone in the body?

A

Stapes

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33
Q

Largest bone in the body

A

Femur

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34
Q

What are the four classification of bones?

A
  • Long
  • Short
  • Flat
  • Irregular
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35
Q

Membrane that surrounds long bones?

A

Periosteum

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36
Q

Cartilage which covers articulating surfaces of long bones?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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37
Q

Alternative name for Hyaline Cartilage?

A

Articular Cartilage

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38
Q

Consists of a body and 2 ends?

A

Long bone

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39
Q

Type of bone only found in appendicular skeleton?

A

Long bones.

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40
Q

Cube shaped and mostly spongy bone?

A

Short bone.

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41
Q

Type of bone only found in the wrist and ankles?

A

Short bones

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42
Q

Flat, thin and curved with a layer of spongy bone in between a layer of compact bone.

A

Flat bones

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43
Q

Bones which do not fit any other classification.

A

Irregular bones

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44
Q

Shaft of long bones.

A

Diaphysis

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45
Q

Ends of long bones?

A

Epiphysis

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46
Q

Two types of bone?

A

Compact and Spongy

47
Q

Alternative name for compact bone?

A

Cortical Bone

48
Q

Dense closely knit bone which is made up of haversian systems under the periosteum.

A

Compact bone

49
Q

Porous and loosly knit bone usually under compact bone?

A

Spongy bone

50
Q

Alternative name for spongy bone?

A

Cancellous Bone.

51
Q

Central cavity which houses marrow?

A

Marrow Cavity

52
Q

Alternative name for marrow cavity?

A

Medullary cavity

53
Q

Two types of bone marrow?

A

Red and Yellow

54
Q

Marrow which form red blood cells and some white blood cells?

A

Red Bone Marrow

55
Q

Marrow which forms adipose tissue?

A

Yellow Bone Marrow

56
Q

Mnemonic for fractures?

A

Simple Compresions fractures Compound Spiraling Depression Impacting Comminuted Greensticks

57
Q

Fracture where bone breaks cleanly without penetrating skin?

A

Simple Fracture

58
Q

Alternative name for simple fracture?

A

Closed Fracture

59
Q

Fracture where bone breaks and ends protrude through tissue of the skin.

A

Compound fracture

60
Q

Alternative name for compound fractures.

A

Open fractures

61
Q

Fracture where bone breaks into fragments.

A

Comminuted Fractures

62
Q

Fracture where bone is crushed

A

Compression Fractures

63
Q

Fracture where bone is pressed inward when fractured?

A

Depression fracture

64
Q

Fracture where broken bone ends are forced into each other.

A

Impacted Fracture

65
Q

Fracture where bone breaks due to excessive twisting?

A

Spiral Fracture

66
Q

Fracture where bone breaks incompletely

A

Greenstick Fracture

67
Q

What make up the axial skeleton?

A
  • Skull
  • Hyoid Bone
  • Vertebral Column
  • Thoracic Cage.
68
Q

How many bones does the skull have?

A

22

69
Q

Bones that encloses and protects the brain?

A

Cranium

70
Q

Alternative name for facial region?

A

Visceral Cranium

71
Q

Bone of the skull at the side and base of the cranium?

A

Sphenoid.

72
Q

Name the saddle shaped portion of the sphenoid?

A

Sella turcica

73
Q

What organ does the Sella Turcica protect?

A

Pituitary Gland

74
Q

Part of the nasal roof and is the passageway for nerves and forms the nasal cavity?

A

Ethmoid Bone

75
Q

Top of the head is also known as?

A

Vertex

76
Q

Line from glabella to external acoustic meatus?

A

Glabellomeatal Line

77
Q

Line drawn from the canthus to the external acoustic meatus?

A

Orbitomeatal Line

78
Q

Line drawn from the acanthion to the external acoustic meatus?

A

Acanthiomeatal line

79
Q

A line drawn from the mental point to the external acoustic meatus.

A

Mentomeatal Line

80
Q

Line from infraorbital ride to the external acoustic meatus.

A

Infra-orbitomeatal line

81
Q

Line drawn across the pupils.

A

Interpupillary Line

82
Q

Line drawn from the glabella downwards

A

Glabelloalveolar Line

83
Q

Reduce weight of the skull and allows the voice to resonate.

A

Sinus

84
Q

Enumerate the 4 Sinuses

A
  • Maxillary Sinuses
  • Frontal Sinuses
  • Ethmoid Sinuses
  • Sphenoid Sinuses
85
Q

U shaped bone located above the voice box, only bone that does not articulate to other bones.

A

Hyoid Bone.

86
Q

Anchors tongue and attaches to muscles.

A

Hyoid Bone.

87
Q

Fibrocartilage which lay inbetween vertebrae.

A

Intervertebral disk.

88
Q

Which part of the spine curves towards the anterior of the body.

A

Cervical and Lumbar

89
Q

Which part of the spine curves posteriorly

A

Thoracic and Sacral.

90
Q

Humpbacks

A

Kyphosis

91
Q

Swayback

A

Lordosis.

92
Q

Posterior part of the vertebral arch.

A

Laminae

93
Q

Anterior part of the the vertebrae?

A

Vertebral Body

94
Q

Sides of the vertebral arch?

A

Pedicle

95
Q

Opening formed by the superior and inferior vertebral notch?

A

Intervertebral Foramina

96
Q

Does the yes motion

A

Atlas

97
Q

Does the no motion

A

Axis

98
Q

Dens is also known as?

A

Odontoid Process

99
Q

Extra long spinous process?

A

Vertebra Prominens

100
Q

Double pointed spinous process

A

Bifid.

101
Q

Alternative name for sternum

A

Body or Gladiolus

102
Q

Number of true ribs

A

7

103
Q

Number of false ribs

A

5

104
Q

Number of hanging ribs

A

2

105
Q

Cartilage which connects ribs to sternum

A

Costal cartilage

106
Q

Alternative name for the sternum?

A

Breastbone

107
Q

Name the four sinuses

A

Maxillary sinus, frontal sinus, ethmoid sinus, sphenoid sinus.

108
Q

Attachment of auricle to body?

A

Top of ear attachment.

109
Q

Cartilaginous flap of the ear?

A

Auricle

110
Q

Small flap of cartilage which covers the ear?

A

Tragus

111
Q

Alternative name for compact bone?

A

Cortex

112
Q

System which makes up compact bones?

A

Haversian sysmtem

113
Q

Largest sinus?

A

Maxillary Sinus

114
Q

Alternative name for maxillary sinus?

A

Antrum of Highmore.

Anatomy and Physiology (14 decks)

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