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Anatomy and Physiology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is also known as?

A

hemo or sanguinos

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2
Q

Condition in where the body maintains a stable internal environment?

A

Homeostasis.

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3
Q

Make up of blood?

A

Plasma (52-62%) Formed Elements (38-48%)

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4
Q

Normal amount of blood?

A

4-6 Liters

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5
Q

Normal pH of blood?

A

7.35-7.45

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6
Q

Bright red blood

A

Arterial (oxygenated)

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7
Q

Dark Red

A

Venous (deoxygenated)

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8
Q

Percentage of blood from total body weight?

A

8%

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9
Q

Function of blood?

A

Transportation, Regulation, Protection

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10
Q

Colour of plasma?

A

Straw coloured.

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11
Q

Water percentage of plasma?

A

90-92%

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12
Q

Content of plasma?

A

Globulin, Albumin, Fibrinogen

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13
Q

Make up of globulin in plasma?

A

38%

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14
Q

Part of the plasma which helps in immunity?

A

Globulin

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15
Q

Make up of albumin in blood?

A

58%

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16
Q

Part of plasma which helps maintain water balance?

A

Albumin

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17
Q

Make up of fibrinogen in plasma?

A

4%

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18
Q

Part of plasma which aids in clot formation?

A

Fibrinogen.

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19
Q

What are the blood forming organs?

A

Bone Marrow, Liver, Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Thymus

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20
Q

Process of blood cell production.

A

Hematopoiesis

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21
Q

What are the three kinds of blood cells?

A

WBC, RBC, Platelets.

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22
Q

Alternative name for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes.

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23
Q

Where are red blood cells formed?

A

Bone marrow.

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24
Q

Diameter of red blood cells?

A

7 Microns

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25
Q

Shape of red blood cells?

A

Biconcave discs.

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26
Q

Main pigment in RBC?

A

Hemoglobin.

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27
Q

Contents of hemoglobin?

A

Iron and protein.

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28
Q

Hemoglobin accounts for how much of the cells volume?

A

1/3

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29
Q

Number of RBC per cubic mm

A

4,500,000-6,000,000

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30
Q

Who have more red blood cells?

A

Men

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31
Q

Lifespan of RBC?

A

120 days.

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32
Q

Product of small intestine which aids in the formation of red blood cells?

A

Vitamin B12

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33
Q

Where is B12 produced?

A

Intestines.

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34
Q

Enzyme secreted by stomach found in intestine for absorption of Vitamin B12.

A

Intrinsic Factor

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35
Q

Hormone which controls the rate of red blood cell formation.

A

Erythropoietin

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36
Q

Alternative name for white blood cells?

A

Leukocytes

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37
Q

Density of WBC per cubic mm?

A

6,000-10,000

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38
Q

Function of white blood cells?

A

Defence, Repair, Immunity

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39
Q

Two classifications of WBC?

A

Granulocytes, Agranulocytes.

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40
Q

Lifespan of granulocytes?

A

12 hours.

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41
Q

How many kinds of granulocytes are there?

A

3

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42
Q

Enumerate the 3 granulocytes?

A

Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil.

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43
Q

Most common type of granulocyte?

A

Neutrophils

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44
Q

Neutrophil which performs phagocytosis?

A

Neutrophils.

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45
Q

Least common of all WBC?

A

Basophils

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46
Q

Basophils release what chemicals?

A

Histamine and Heparin

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47
Q

White bloodcell which reduces inflammation?

A

Eosinophil

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48
Q

Granulocyte which stains both acidic and basic?

A

Neutrophils

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49
Q

Granulocyte which stains blue or purple?

A

Basophils

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50
Q

Granulocyte which stains bright red with eosin?

A

Eosinophil.

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51
Q

The stain used on eosinophils?

A

Eosin.

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52
Q

Smallest WBC?

A

Lymphocytes

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53
Q

Largest WBC?

A

Monocytes.

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54
Q

Shape of Monocytes?

A

Kidney Shaped Nucleus

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55
Q

Agranulocytes which produce macrophages?

A

Monocytes.

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56
Q

How many Agranulocytes are there?

A

2

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57
Q

Enumerate the 2 agranulocytes?

A

Lymphocytes, Monocytes.

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58
Q

Alternative name for platelets?

A

Thrombocytes.

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59
Q

Cells which produce platelets?

A

Megakaryocytes.

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60
Q

Lifespan of platelets?

A

10 days.

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61
Q

Number of platelets per cubic mm?

A

200,000 to 400,000

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62
Q

Function of platelets?

A

Stop bleeding.

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63
Q

Hormone which is produced by the liver to increase rate of platelet production?

A

Thrombopoietin.

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64
Q

Term for low platelet count?

A

Thrombocytopenia.

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65
Q

Stoppage of blood?

A

Hemostasis

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66
Q

Cycle of blood stoppage.

A

Blood vessel spasm, Platelet plug Formation, Blood Coagulation

67
Q

Who discovered the ABO blood types?

A

Karl Landsteiner

68
Q

4 main categories of blood?

A

A, B, AB, O

69
Q

Transfer of blood?

A

Blood transfusion

70
Q

Person donating blood?

A

Donor

71
Q

Person receiving blood?

A

Recipient.

72
Q

Two types of bodies found in blood which determine their type?

A

Antigens, Antibodies

73
Q

Happens when Antigen fits with antibodies?

A

Agglutination

74
Q

Universal donor?

A

Type O

75
Q

Universal Recipient?

A

Type AB

76
Q

Two circuits of cardiovascular system?

A

Pulmonary circuit, Systemic Circuit

77
Q

Circuit which sends deoxygenated blood to lungs for gas exchange?

A

Pulmonary circuit.

78
Q

Circuit which sends oxygenated blood to all body cells?

A

Systemic circuit.

79
Q

Shape of heart?

A

Cone shaped

80
Q

Size of the heart?

A

Fist size

81
Q

Location of heart?

A

Between lungs in thorax.

82
Q

Heart pump rate?

A

72 times a minute

83
Q

Parts of heart wall?

A

Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium

84
Q

Layer forms the lining membrane of the heart with a smooth inner surface?

A

Endocardium

85
Q

Muscular layer of heart composed of cardiac muscles?

A

Myocardium

86
Q

Outer layer of the muscular layer of the heart?

A

Epicardium

87
Q

Epicardium is also known as?

A

Visceral Pericardium

88
Q

Two types of pericardium?

A

Serous Pericardium, Fibrous Pericardium

89
Q

Surounds the parietal pericardium to form the outer ayer of the pericardial sac?

A

Fibrous Pericardium

90
Q

Folded membrane which gives 2 layers?

A

Serous Pericardium

91
Q

2 types of serous pericardium?

A

Visceral, Parietal Pericardium

92
Q

Serous pericardium on the surface of the heart muscle?

A

Visceral Pericardium

93
Q

Serous pericardium which lines fibrous pericardium?

A

Parietal pericardium

94
Q

Alternative name of visceral Pericardium?

A

Epicardium

95
Q

Bag where the heart is found?

A

Pericardial Sac

96
Q

Space around the heart?

A

Pericardial Cavity

97
Q

Pericardial cavity contains this fluid to reduce friction?

A

Serous fluid

98
Q

Lies at the basal end of the heart (upper chamber)?

A

Atria

99
Q

Lies towards the apex of the heart (lower chamber)?

A

Ventricles

100
Q

Partition that separates the right and left atria?

A

Interatrial septum

101
Q

Partition that separates the right and left ventricles?

A

Interventricular septum

102
Q

Separates the atria from ventricles?

A

Coronary sulcus.

103
Q

Atria which recieves blood from veins?

A

Right atria.

104
Q

The 3 major openings of right atrium?

A

Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Coronary Sinus.

105
Q

Caries blood from the upper body to the right atrium?

A

Superior Vena Cava

106
Q

Carries blood from the lower body to the right atrium?

A

Inferior Vena Cava

107
Q

Drains blood from the heart muscle?

A

Coronary Sinus

108
Q

The atrium which recieves blood from the 4 pulmonary veins?

A

Left Atrium

109
Q

How many pulmonary veins are there?

A

4

110
Q

Function of the ventricles?

A

Pumps

111
Q

Pumps blood into pulmonary trunk?

A

Right ventricle

112
Q

Pumps blood intro aorta?

A

Left ventricle

113
Q

Directs bloodflod and prevents regurgitation or backflow?

A

Valves

114
Q

What are the 4 heart valves?

A

Tricuspid valve, Bicuspid Valve, Aortic Semilunar Valve, Pulmonary Semilunar Valve.

115
Q

Alternative name for tricuspid valve?

A

Atrioventricular Valve

116
Q

Valve between RA and RV?

A

Tricuspid valve

117
Q

Alternative name for bicuspid valve?

A

Mitral Valve

118
Q

Valve between LA and LV?

A

Bicuspid Valve

119
Q

Valve between RV and pulmonary artery?

A

Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

120
Q

Valve between LV and Aorta?

A

Aortic Semilunar Valve

121
Q

Muslces which contract and prevent valves from opening into atria?

A

Papillary muscles

122
Q

Tendon holds valves in one direction?

A

Chordae Tendineae

123
Q

Alternative name for opening?

A

Ostium

124
Q

How many openings does the heart have in total?

A

11

125
Q

Caries oxygenated blood away from heart?

A

Arteries

126
Q

The only artery which carries deoxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary arteries

127
Q

Largest Artery?

A

Aorta

128
Q

Used to listen to heart and lungs?

A

Stethoscope

129
Q

Two main sounds of heart?

A

LUBB DUPP

130
Q

First heart sound results from closure of atrioventricular valve?

A

LUBB

131
Q

Second heart sound as a result from the closure of semiluar valve?

A

DUPP

132
Q

Causes the LUBB sound?

A

Atrioventricular Valve

133
Q

Causes the DUPP sound?

A

Semilunar Valve

134
Q

Abnormal sounds of heart?

A

Heart Murmurs

135
Q

Types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins

136
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood towards heart?

A

Veins

137
Q

Blood vessel where exchange occurs between blood and tissue fluids?

A

Capillaries

138
Q

Two of the largest arteries?

A

Aorta, Pulmonary Trunk

139
Q

Parts of Aorta

A

Aortic Arch, Ascending, Descending, Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta

140
Q

Accumulation of soft masses of fatty material lining arteries?

A

Atherosclerosis

141
Q

Occurs when oxygen does not reach the brain?

A

Stroke

142
Q

Occurs when oxygen fails to reach the heart?

A

Myocardial Infarction

143
Q

Layers of the arterial wall?

A

Tunica Interna, Tunica Media, Tunica Externa

144
Q

Alternative ame for Tunica Externa?

A

Adventitia

145
Q

Inner most arterial layer compose of endothelium?

A

Tunica Interna

146
Q

Middle layer of arterial wall which makes up the bulk of arterial wall?

A

Tunica Media

147
Q

Outer layer of arterial wall?

A

Tunica Externa

148
Q

The 3 branches of aortic arch?

A

Brachiocephalic Artery, Left Common Carotid Artery, Left Subclavian Artery

149
Q

Supply blood to heart?

A

Coronary Arteries

150
Q

Circle of arteries around pituitary gland?

A

Arterial Circle

151
Q

Alternative name for arterial circle?

A

Circle of Willis

152
Q

Small final branch of smallest arteries which connect artery to capillary?

A

Arterioles

153
Q

Lines capillaries?

A

Squamous layer

154
Q

Smallest veins formed by union of capillaries which connect to veins?

A

Venules

155
Q

Major veins that drain blood from head and neck?

A

External and internal Jugular Veins

156
Q

When veins are abnormally dilated and show superficially?

A

Varicose Veins

157
Q

Surge of blood entering the arteries?

A

Pulse

158
Q

Force of the blood against the vessel walls?

A

Blood pressure

159
Q

Two factors that affect blood pressure?

A

Cardiac Output and Peripheral Resistance

160
Q

Effects of aging

A

Heart grows larger, Valves become thicker, Myocardium contracts less, resting HR decreases, varicose veins.

161
Q

Action potenial originates from?

A

Sinoatrial Node

162
Q

Path of Action potential

A

SA Node, AV Node, AV Bundle, Right and Left Bundle Branches, Purkinje Fibers

163
Q

Alternative name for atrioventricular bundle?

A

Bundle of His

Anatomy and Physiology (14 decks)

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