urinary system Flashcards
Ureter DIMENSIONS
Ureter is narrow thick walled muscular tubes
each is about —-25cm [10inches]
Upper half -(-5 inches) –abdomen
lower half —(5 inches ) –pelvis
constricted in 5 places
course of ureter
1.. begins at renal pelvis which is funnel shaped narrower till end of kidney and become ureter .
2…it passes downward medially
and crosses the termination of common iliac artery
3… in lesser pelvis at greater sciatic notch - downward backward laterally
at opp to iscial spine - forward medially enter bladder
normal constriction at 5 places
1… pelviureteric junc
2..brim of lesser pelvis
3…crossing of ureter by ductus deference or broad lig of uterus
4…during oblique passage through the bladder
5..at the opening in lateral angle of trigone
relations —–RENAL PELVIS ureter
ANT– ..right — 2nd part of duodenum …left– pancreas
POST -poas major
ABDOMINAL PART —- RELATION ureter
ANT–right . ..right colic vessels
peritoneum
gonadal vessel.
–left……left colic vessel
peritoneum
gonadal artery
POST—poas major , tip of. transverse process
MEDIALLY—-right … IVC
left ….. inferior.
mesenteric vein
pelvic part RELATION ureter
POST —internal iliac artery
internal iliac vein
LATERAL‐—-obturator nerve
obturator artery vein
un MALES — Ductus deference
seminal vesicles
FEMALES —–Broad lig of uterus
uterine artery lues above 2.5 cm
intravesical part bladder
oblique course prevent regurgitation of urine
* distended bladder — is about 5cm apart openings
*empty bladder —- 2.5 cm apart
blood supplyof ureter
*Upper part branches from renal artery
*Middle part branches from aorta
*pelvic part vesicular, middle rectal or uterine vessel
nerve supply ureter
sympathetic t10 to L1
parasympathetic s2 ro s4
clinical of ureter
Ureteric colic— sever pain due to calculus
ureteric stone — stone impacted at one site of constriction
duplex ureter–
ectopic ureter –
ureteroceles
kidney /Renes/nephros,
definition and location
def: kidney are situated in posterior abdominal wall 🧱
location: epigastric , hypochondriac, lumbar and umbilical regions
extent – upper border of T12 to center of L3
right kidney slightly lower than left
from where transpyloric plane passes ????
from upper part …..of hilus of RIGHT kidney
from lower part …..of hilus of
LEFT kidney
shape size abd weight of kidney
is about 11cm… long ,,6cm.. broad , 3 cm.. thick
weight ::135kg females
::150kg males. [REDDISHBROWN]
**LEFT is long and narrower than RIGHT ………..
external features of kidney???
bean shape…..2 pole [ upper lower]
2 BORDER [medial-concave lateral-convex ]
2 SURFACE [anterior-irre, posterior-smooth cant define]
HILUM - from ant to post [1..renal vein 2..renal artery 3..renal pelvis]
peritoneal relation of kidney
it is retroperitoneal organ
and partly covered by peritoneum partly
relation common to BOTH kidney
1…..UPPER POLE–related to suprarenal , LOWERPOLE–2.5cm above iliac crest
2 MEDIAL BOERDER–
[above hilus –suprarenal gland
below hilus –ureter]
3 POSTERIOR –[[a.diaphragm b.medial lateral arcuate line c.poasmajor
d.quadratus lamborum e.transverse abdominis
f. subtotal vessels
g. iliohypogastric and ilioingunal nervers]]
other relation ofRIGHT and left kidney
anterior relation
1. right supra. 1.left supra
2.liver. 2.spleen stomach
3.2nd part duo. 3.pancreas
4hepatic flexure 4 splenic flex
5 SI. 5. jejunum
lateral border right and left relation
RIGHT lat border —right lobe of liver , hepatic flexure
LEFT lat border—- spleen , descending colon
capsule or covering of kidney …..
1…. fibrous capsule — thin membrane
2… perirenal and perinephric fat —-adipose tissue Thickest border
3….Renal fascia —2 layer
ANT- gerota POST-zuckerkandal
4..pararenal or paranephric body (fat)—more abundant towards lower pole
structure of kidney
1.. an outer – reddish brown cortex
2..an inner -pale medulla
3..a space –the renal sinus
renal medulla is made up of
- conical masses – called renal pyramids
renal cortex
divisible 2 parts
a.. cortical arches or cortical lobules
b….renal columns
renal sinus
a…branches of renal artery
b…tributaries of renal vein
c…renal pelvis divides 2to3 major calyx 7 to 13 minor calyces
