nervous system

Question 1

cerebrum Introduction

Answer 1

1….Cerebrum largest It also called pallium

2… It occupies anterior, middle part of cranial fossa and posterotentorial supratentorial port of posterior croial fossa

3… outer grey and inner white matter

4.. two cerebral hemisphere separates from each other by ‘"”Medion longitudinal Fissure.””

5…. Both cerebral hemisphere contain Cavity called
‘"”lateral ventricle’””

6. These 2 hemisphere connect with ““Corpus callosum”” which is white matter.

Question 2

external features surface of cerebrum

Answer 2

External Features
surface area. 2000 cm

3 surface, 4 borders
3 pole
3 surface
*superolateral.—–convex related to cranial valt.
*medial—flat and vertical and separates by falx cerebri.

*inferior.—- irregular divided into orbital and tentorial
Orbital anteriorly
tentorial posteriorly
they separate ‘stem of lateral sulcus’

Question 3

external features of cerebrum borders

Answer 3

Borders-4
1… supero medial –separate supero lateral surface from medial surface

2.. . Inferolateral —-seperate superolateral surface from inferior surface

③…Medial orbital —-seperate medial surface from orbitel surface

Medial occipital —-seperate medial surfere from tentorial surface.

Question 4

external Features of cerebrum pole

Answer 4

poles - 3

①Frontal pole—— anterior end

■ Temporal pole—– anterior end of temporal

③occipital pole —–posterior end

Parital pole———X

Question 5

lobes of cerebrum and sulcus external features

Answer 5

Lobes of Cerebral hemisphere - 4
①Frontal lobe
@parital lobe
③occipitallobe
Temporal lobe

• central sulcus ——–present between frontal lobe and porital lobe

•Porito-occipital——– present between parital lobe and occipital lobe

• lateral sulcus / posterior ramus→—– separete frontal and temporel lobe.

Question 6

a point of separation of Temporal lobe and occipital lobe

Answer 6

From occipital pole 5cm anteriorly on inferolateral border there is notch called ““pre-occipital notch”” A imaginary line join from parrito-occipital sulcus and pre-occipit notch

This line separate Temporal lobe and occipital lobe.

Question 7

separation of lobes

Answer 7

*Frontal lobe —-anterior to central sulcus.above to posterior ramus of lateral sulcus

• Parital tobe —behind to central sulcus abore to posterior ramus of lateral sulcus
• occipitalobe—– immaginary line between pre-occipital sulcus and pre-occipital notch behind that line there is occipital lobe
• temporal lobe —-below the posterior ramus of lateral sulcus

Question 8

sulcus and gyrus in frontal lobes

Answer 8

sulcus and gyrus in lobes

*Frontal lobe
Precentral sulcus-2
a)superior precentral/frontal
b)Inferior precentrall/ frontal

between sulcus there is elevation precentral gysus.

Precentralgyrus -3
a)superior precentral gyrus/superior Frontal gyus
b)Middle precentral gyrus/middle frontal gyrus
c) Inferior precentral gyrus / Interioral gyrus

Question 9

sulcus gyrus of parietal lobe

Answer 9

*Parital lobe

Post central sulcus
Post central gyrus.

sulcus - 2 = supra porital sulcus. Infra porital sulcus

gyrus 3 = supra parital gyous Middle parital gyous Inferior parital gyrus

Question 10

sulcus gyrus of occipital lobe

Answer 10

occipital lobe

• Lunnate sulcus
• lateral occipital sulcus

• superior occipital gyrus
• Inferior occipital gyrus

Question 11

sulcus gyrus of temporal lobe

Answer 11

Temporal

• superior temporal gryus.
Midle temporal gyrus
Inferior temporal gyrus.

superior temporal sulcus
Inferior temporal sulcus

Question 12

introduction to spinal cord

Answer 12

Introduction-
*It is long cylindrical port.
*lowest port of CNS.
*Pathway from PNS toward brain.
*It has 31 pair of spinal nerve
*It is cover by 3’ meninges

Question 13

features size weight extent of spinal cord

Answer 13

size —-18 inches, 45 cm in male 42cm in female.

size—–weight is 30 g.
and cover with 3 meninges - pia matter, araconoid matter and dura matter.

It extends
from C1 to L₁ — adult and
c1 to L3 in children.

starts from medulla oblongata to inferiorly conus medullaris.

spinal cord is much shorter than vertebral column.

so spinal segment and vertebral Coloum are not corresponding each other.

Question 14

meninges of spinal cord

Answer 14

outer-dura —–subdural space middle—-aroconoid.
Internal- pia subaroconoid space

• In subaraconoid space which contain cerebrospinal fluid

• clinical - lumbar punctur
* withdraw CSF from subaraconoid space

@spinal cord extends in lowest part of it lumbar vertebra as ““conus medullaris “”

@Below the level of conus medullaris only pia matter is continued, as thin fibrous cord uplo Slower border) called ““filum terminale.”””

The space between dura matter and its outer covering (endosteum) is called epidural space