digestive system Flashcards
anal canal intro situation
lenght
extent
direction
terminal part of git
situation— below peroneal diaphragm lies in anal triangle 🔺️
lenghth — 3.8cm
extent - anorectal junction to anus
direction - downwa and backward
** anorectal jun- 2-3cm in front of tip of coccyx &1.5cm below it
**anus – 4cm and in front of coccyx .
relations of anal canal
ANT– both sexes— perineal body
a) males == membranous urethra
b) female =lower part of vagina
POST — annococcygeal ligament
tip of coccyx
LAT— ischiofemoral fossa
interior of anal canal
interior 38cm —-
uppermucuos –15mm
Middle part – 15mm
lower part —8mm
features of liver weight intro
large solid gland
–location right hypochondrium
weight 1500 kg 1300 kg epigastrium left hypochondrium
stomach definition, size, shape ,location
muscular bag 🎒 widest and most distensible
size–25cm long. shape-j shape
location-epigastrium, left hypochondrium ,
external features of stomach
EXTERNAL FEATURES ::::
*2Curvature —
a) lesser curvature- concave attach to lesser omentum , having a depression insusura angularis
b)greater curvature- convex attach to greater omentum
5cm longer than lesser
and having cardiac notch
2 orifices -
a) cardiac orifice - [ant] it 2.5cm from jun of 7th costal cartilageand sternum[post] - T11
b)pyloric orifice- 1.2cm from median plane
*body - separated by line drawn from insisura angulation to GC , having mucus cell
* fundus -upper convex hori line from insisura gas filled ⛽️
* pyloric antrum -[7.5cm]
separated by sulcus intermediate
pyloric canal - [2.5cm]
relation s of stomach
peritoneal relation
a) lesser curvation - a and p meets to form -lesser omentum
b )greater curvature-a and p meets to form - greater curvature
c) fundus - a and p meets - gastrosplenic lig
b) cardiac - p surface 4reflected to diaphragm –gastrophrenic lig
visceral relation–
ANT- liver,diaphragm,ant Abd 🧱
post- separated stomach by stomach bed 🛌
by lesser sac - diaphragm splenic flexure, transverse colon , splenic artery , left kidney left adrenal pancreas
greater sac - spleen
blood supply, lymphatic, nerve vein , clinical
lesser curvature- by
left and right gastric artery
#greater curvature by
left and right gastroepiploic artery
#fundus - by 5-7short gastric artery
veins as same above drain in splenic vein and then portal vein….
lymph - pancreaticsplenic nodes
nerves sympathetic -T6T10
parasympathetic-oesophagus plexus , gastric nerves and vagus
clinical - peptic ulcer , gastric carcinoma, pyloric obstruction, hyposthenic stomach ♥️
definition location size shape weight —pancreas
*def– elongated lobulated partly exocrine and endocrine gland
*shape - retorted j shaped
*size - 12-15cm long ,2.5-3.8breadt
1.2-1.8 cm width
*weight - 90g
*location on post abdominal wall
external relation +pancreas
*head – having 3 border 2 surface
supB - 1st part of duodenum
right lateralB- 2nd part of duo
inferiorB - 3rd part of duodenum
antS-1st part of duodenum
post S- ivc, billion duct
1 process -uncinate
*neck-2.5cm. 2 bor 2sur
ANTs-related to pyloric
posts -superior mesenteric vein
supB-1st part of duodenum
InfB- transverse colon
body -elongated from neck to tail
3 B 3S.
ANT B - root of transverse colon
sup B- celiac artery
inf B - superior mesenteric vein
tail - large no of islets of langerhans
ducts -duct of wirsung and Santorini
arterial supply , venous supply of pancreas
arterial supply - splenic artery sup inf pancreaticoduodenal artery
venous supply - drain in splenic vein and then portal vein
extent and dimensions of oesophagus
*begins at the lower border of cricoid cartilage
descends in front of vertebral coloum
*prices diaphragm at t10
and to stomach at t11
*lenght -22to 25 cm - 10 inches
curvature and constriction
curvature
2lateral : both towards left
one -at root of neck , one- at lower end
2 anteroposterior
opp level of c6 —6inches
at T4 —9inches
at level of T5 —- 11inches
at level of T10 — 15 inches from incisor teeth
divisions of oesophagus and relations
cervical part
ANT-trachea thyroid
post - vertebral coloum
lateral - common carotid
thoracic part
ANT- trachea , left bronchus , heart ❤️ diaphragm
post – vertebral coloum , thoracic duct
left side - arch of aorta
right side – rt pleura , rt lung 🫁
abdominal
extent from t10 t11
rt border continously to lesser curvature and lft form intervening cardiac notch
arterial supply and venous drainage lymphatic nerve supply
cervical part - thyroid artery
thoracic part - thoracic aorta
abdominal part - left gastric artery , inferior phrenic artery
venous – —””——venous plexus
lymphatic- cervical - deep cervical nodes
thoracic - deep mediastinum modes
abdominal - gastric nodes
nerve supply
parasympathetic- recurrent laryngeal nerve , oesophagus plexus
sympathetic - thoracic ganglion
clinical
dysphagia, tracheal oesophagus fascia, cardiovascular, hiatus hernia
