sandhi asthi

Question 1

asthi intro

Answer 1

रसाद्रक्तं ततो मांसं मांसान्मेदस्ततोऽस्थि च

अस्यते इति अस्थि ।

अस्थि एक कठिनांशः देहेऽस्मिन

रसासृकमांसमेदोऽस्थिमज्जाशुक्राणि धातवः । अ.सं.सू. १/३१ धारणात् धातवः ।

Question 2

types of asthi

Answer 2

एतानि पंचविधानि भवन्ति, तद्यथा कपाल रुचक तरुण वलय नलक संज्ञानि । सु. शा. ५/२२

Question 3

ruchakasthi

Answer 3

दशनास्तु रुचकानि । सु.

Question 4

kapalsthi

Answer 4

तेषां जानुनितंबांसगण्डतालुशंखशिरःसु कपालानि । सु.शा. ५/२२

कं नाम शिरः तम् पालयति इति कपालः ।’

Question 5

tarunasthi

Answer 5

घ्राणकर्णग्रीवाक्षिकोषेषु तरुणानि । सु. शा. ५/२२

Question 6

valayasthi

Answer 6

पार्श्वपृष्ठोरःसु वलयानि । सु. शा. ५/२२

Question 7

modern science bones are classified as …

Answer 7

Flat bones-e.g. scapula, sternum.

2. Long bones- e.g. femur, humerus.
3. Short bones- e.g. tarsal, carpals.
4. Irregular bones- e.g. vertebrae.
5. Pneumatic bones- Bones having air fille spaces e.g. maxilla.
6. Sesamoid bones- Small bone in tendon at the site of friction e.g. patella,

Question 8

numbers of bones

Answer 8

Extremities
128….Charaka
120….Sushruta
120……Modern

Trunk
140……Charaka
120……Sushruta
50……Modern

Head and Neck
92…..Charaka
60…..Sushruta
36…..Modern

Total
360……Charaka
300……Sushruta
206…..Modern

Question 9

sandhi intro

Answer 9

येन अस्थिपर्वणी अस्थिपर्वाणि वा संयोज्यन्ते सन्धिबन्धैः सः अवयवविशेषः सन्धिः इत्युच्यते

Sandhi is a seat of kapha.

Shleshaka kapha resides inside the joints. Decrease in kapha leads to weakening and laxity of joints.

Sandhi is the mülasthāna of majjāvaha srotas.

Question 10

classification sandhi on movement

Answer 10

Classification

A) On the basis of movements

सन्धयस्तु द्विविधाश्चेष्टावन्तः स्थिराश्च ।
शाखासु हन्वो कट्यां च चेष्टावन्तस्तु सन्धयः ।।
शेषास्तु सन्धयः विज्ञेया हि स्थिरा बुधै। सु.शा.५/२६

Question 11

classification basis of structure and shape of sandhi

Answer 11

त एते सन्धयोऽष्टविधाः-कोरोदूखलसामुग्द प्रतर तुन्नसेवनी वायसतुण्डमण्डल शंखावर्ताः । सु. शा. ५/३१

Question 12

Kora sandhi

Answer 12

तेषां अंगुली मणिबंध गुल्फ जानु कूपरेषु कोराः सन्धयः । सु.शा.५-३२

कपाटादि बंधनार्थे यंत्रं तत् कोरः

Question 13

udukhala sandhi

Answer 13

कक्षावंक्षणदशनेषु उलूखलाः । सु. शा. ५/३२ उलूखलस्तु द्विविधा स्थिराः दशना चेष्टावंतः कक्षावंक्षणेषु

Question 14

samdudga sandhi

Answer 14

अंसपीठगुदभगनितम्बेषु सामुग्दाः। सु. शा. ५/३२

Question 15

pratara sandhi

Answer 15

ग्रीवापृष्ठवंशयोः प्रतराः । सु.शा. ५/३२

Question 16

tunnasevani sandhi

Answer 16

शिरः कटीकपालेषु तुन्नसेवन्त्यः । सु.शा.

Question 17

vayastunda sandhi

Answer 17

हन्वोः उभयस्तु वायसतुण्ड । सु. शा. ५/३२

Question 18

mandala

Answer 18

कण्ठहृदयनेत्रक्लोमनाडीषु मण्डलाः । सु.शा.५/३२

Question 19

shankhavaerta

Answer 19

श्रोत्रशृंगाटकेषु शंखावर्ताः । सु. शा. ५/३२

Question 20

number of asthi sandhi

Answer 20

Number of asthi sandhi According to Sushruta- 210 According to Charaka- 200

Shākhā (Four limbs)…..68

Madhya sharīra (Trunk)…..59

Shira and grīvā (Head and neck)………83

Total…….210

Question 21

classification of joints as per movement

Answer 21

1..synarthrosis eg sutures
2..amphiarthrosis eg joints between vertebral bodies
3..diarthrosis eg shoulder joint

Question 22

classification by intervening tissue in joints

Answer 22

1) fibrous joint – intervening tissue bones is fibrous
eg ..sutures, gomphosis , syndesmosis
2) cartilaginous joint – intervening tissue is cartilaginous
eg synchondrosis , symphysis
3) synovial joints –cavity
eg ……

Question 23

classification of synovial joint

Answer 23

ball and socket
hinge joint
pivot joint
condyloid joint
saddle joint
plane joint

Question 24

bone in body

Answer 24

upper limb -64
lowerlimb -62
sternum-1
skull -22
ribs -24
vertebrae -33