Urinary System

Question 1

What is the purpose of the urinary system?

Answer 1

Excretory system that filters blood and removes excess fluids, metabolic wastes, and ions

Question 2

What are the components of the urinary system? How many of each?

Answer 2

Kidneys (2), Ureters (2), Urinary Bladder, Urethra

Question 3

Where is the location of kidneys?

Answer 3

The kids are retroperitoneal (located behind the parietal peritoneum)

Question 4

What are the functions of the kidneys?

Answer 4

Filter blood, removing metabolic wastes, toxins, and ions & Regulate volume and chemical makeup of blood

Question 5

What surrounded the kidney? What is the purpose?

Answer 5

Fibrous Capsule (dense IR CT) & Perirenal fat capsule; Energy Source/ keep kidney in place

Question 6

What is the renal cortex? Renal medulla?

Answer 6

Outer layer of kidney; Inner layer of kidney that’s divide into renal pyramids and separated by renal columns

Question 7

How does urine drain from inside the kidney?

Answer 7

Urine produced in the pyramids drain into a minor calyx –> multiple minor calices drain into a major calyx –> the major calices drain into the renal pelvis which drain into the ureter

Question 8

What is a nephron?

Answer 8

The main structural and functional unit of the kidney (there are more than a million nephrons in each kidney)

Question 9

What are the parts of a nephron? What is each divided into?

Answer 9

Renal corpuscle= glomerular capsule + glomerulus , renal tubule = proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule

Question 10

What does the distal tubule drain into?

Answer 10

Collecting duct, many nephrons into one collecting duct

Question 11

What are the 2 types of nephrons? How are they different?

Answer 11

Cortical nephrons: are located almost entirely within the cortex, have shorter nephron loops, only have peritubular capillaries
Juxtamedullary Nephrons: nephron loops are longer

Question 12

What are peritubular capillaries?

Answer 12

Surround renal tubules and designed for absorption and secretion.

Question 13

What is the vasa recta?

Answer 13

Surround only tubules of juxtamedullary nephrons, involved with concentrating urine

Question 14

What are the steps of urine formation?

Answer 14

1. Filtration: blood is filtered, filtrate is formed
2. Resorption: Substances to keep in the body are returned to the blood
3. Secretion: substances to be removed from the body enter into filtrate

Question 15

What is the role of renal corpuscle?

Answer 15

Site of all filtration

Question 16

What is the glomerulus made of? What are the different arterioles?

Answer 16

Ball of fenestrated capillaries; Afferent arteriole leads into glomerulus, efferent arteriole leads out of glomerulus

Question 17

What are the 2 layers of the glomerular capsule?

Answer 17

Parietal layer: forms outer layer of capsule

Visceral Layer: surrounds capillaries

Question 18

What does the filtration membrane consist of?

Answer 18

1. Fenestrated epithelium of capillary
2. Filtration Slits
3. Basement membrane

Question 19

What does the proximal convoluted tubule do? What is it made of?

Answer 19

Involved with resorption and secretion; Made of simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli

Question 20

What does the thin segment descending nephron loop do? What is it made of?

Answer 20

Resorption and secretion; Walls made of simple squamous epithelium

Question 21

What does the ascending nephron loop do? What is it made of?

Answer 21

Resorption and secretion; Walls made of simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 22

What does the distal convoluted tubule do? What is it made of?

Answer 22

Resorption and secretion; Walls made of simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 23

What is the collecting duct made of?

Answer 23

Walls made of simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 24

What is hemodialysis? Why is it needed?

Answer 24

Procedure used to cleanse blood; Wastes build up in blood if kidneys are not properly filtering blood

Question 25

What are kidney stones? What are possible treatments?

Answer 25

Can precipitate out of urine, commonly from calcium; Drugs & Ultrasound

Question 26

What does the ureter do? What epithelium is it made of?

Answer 26

Drains urine from renal pelvis; Lined with transitional epithelium

Question 27

What is the urinary bladder?

Answer 27

Muscular sac that collects and stores urine

Question 28

What are the part of the urinary bladder?

Answer 28

Detrusor muscle, internal urethral sphincter, external urethral sphincter

Question 29

What does the detrusor muscle?

Answer 29

Under parasympathetic control –> signals contraction when bladder is stretched

Question 30

What is the difference between the internal and external urethral sphincter?

Answer 30

Internal: smooth, involuntary: signals contraction when bladder is filling
External: skeletal, voluntary

Question 31

What does the urethra do? What epithelium is it made of?

Answer 31

Drains the urinary bladder; made of transitional epithelium close to the bladder and changes to stratified squamous as it nears opening to body

Question 32

What are the different parts of the male urethra?

Answer 32

Prostatic Urethra (length of prostate), Membranous Urethra, Spongy urethra (length of the penis)