Urinary System Flashcards
What is the purpose of the urinary system?
Excretory system that filters blood and removes excess fluids, metabolic wastes, and ions
What are the components of the urinary system? How many of each?
Kidneys (2), Ureters (2), Urinary Bladder, Urethra
Where is the location of kidneys?
The kids are retroperitoneal (located behind the parietal peritoneum)
What are the functions of the kidneys?
Filter blood, removing metabolic wastes, toxins, and ions & Regulate volume and chemical makeup of blood
What surrounded the kidney? What is the purpose?
Fibrous Capsule (dense IR CT) & Perirenal fat capsule; Energy Source/ keep kidney in place
What is the renal cortex? Renal medulla?
Outer layer of kidney; Inner layer of kidney that’s divide into renal pyramids and separated by renal columns
How does urine drain from inside the kidney?
Urine produced in the pyramids drain into a minor calyx –> multiple minor calices drain into a major calyx –> the major calices drain into the renal pelvis which drain into the ureter
What is a nephron?
The main structural and functional unit of the kidney (there are more than a million nephrons in each kidney)
What are the parts of a nephron? What is each divided into?
Renal corpuscle= glomerular capsule + glomerulus , renal tubule = proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal tubule
What does the distal tubule drain into?
Collecting duct, many nephrons into one collecting duct
What are the 2 types of nephrons? How are they different?
Cortical nephrons: are located almost entirely within the cortex, have shorter nephron loops, only have peritubular capillaries
Juxtamedullary Nephrons: nephron loops are longer
What are peritubular capillaries?
Surround renal tubules and designed for absorption and secretion.
What is the vasa recta?
Surround only tubules of juxtamedullary nephrons, involved with concentrating urine
What are the steps of urine formation?
- Filtration: blood is filtered, filtrate is formed
- Resorption: Substances to keep in the body are returned to the blood
- Secretion: substances to be removed from the body enter into filtrate
What is the role of renal corpuscle?
Site of all filtration
What is the glomerulus made of? What are the different arterioles?
Ball of fenestrated capillaries; Afferent arteriole leads into glomerulus, efferent arteriole leads out of glomerulus
What are the 2 layers of the glomerular capsule?
Parietal layer: forms outer layer of capsule
Visceral Layer: surrounds capillaries
What does the filtration membrane consist of?
- Fenestrated epithelium of capillary
- Filtration Slits
- Basement membrane
What does the proximal convoluted tubule do? What is it made of?
Involved with resorption and secretion; Made of simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli
What does the thin segment descending nephron loop do? What is it made of?
Resorption and secretion; Walls made of simple squamous epithelium
What does the ascending nephron loop do? What is it made of?
Resorption and secretion; Walls made of simple cuboidal epithelium
What does the distal convoluted tubule do? What is it made of?
Resorption and secretion; Walls made of simple cuboidal epithelium
What is the collecting duct made of?
Walls made of simple cuboidal epithelium
What is hemodialysis? Why is it needed?
Procedure used to cleanse blood; Wastes build up in blood if kidneys are not properly filtering blood
What are kidney stones? What are possible treatments?
Can precipitate out of urine, commonly from calcium; Drugs & Ultrasound
What does the ureter do? What epithelium is it made of?
Drains urine from renal pelvis; Lined with transitional epithelium
What is the urinary bladder?
Muscular sac that collects and stores urine
What are the part of the urinary bladder?
Detrusor muscle, internal urethral sphincter, external urethral sphincter
What does the detrusor muscle?
Under parasympathetic control –> signals contraction when bladder is stretched
What is the difference between the internal and external urethral sphincter?
Internal: smooth, involuntary: signals contraction when bladder is filling
External: skeletal, voluntary
What does the urethra do? What epithelium is it made of?
Drains the urinary bladder; made of transitional epithelium close to the bladder and changes to stratified squamous as it nears opening to body
What are the different parts of the male urethra?
Prostatic Urethra (length of prostate), Membranous Urethra, Spongy urethra (length of the penis)
