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Human Anatomy > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basic steps for the function of the nervous system?

A

Sensory Input –> Integration –> Motor response

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2
Q

What are the visceral functions of the nervous system?

A

Organs within body cavities

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3
Q

What are the somatic functions of the nervous system?

A

All other structures not within body cavities (muscles, skin)

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4
Q

What are the cell types of the nervous system?

A

Neuron and Neuroglia

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5
Q

What are the parts of a neuron?

A

Cell body (soma), Dendrites, Axon

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6
Q

What is the biggest difference between neurons and neuroglia?

A

Neurons are excitable cells, while neuroglia are not

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7
Q

What does the myelin sheath do?

A

Speeds up conduction

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8
Q

Why kind of neurons are multipolar?

A

Motor neurons and interneurons

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9
Q

What kind of neurons are bipolar?

A

Special sensory neurons (retina, olfactory, mucosa)

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10
Q

What kind of neurons are unipolar?

A

Typical sensory neuron

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11
Q

Are sensory neurons afferent or efferent?

A

Afferent

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12
Q

Are motor neurons afferent or efferent?

A

Efferent

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13
Q

What type of neuroglia cells are found in the CNS?

A

Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes

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14
Q

What type of neuroglia cells are found in the PNS?

A

Satellite cells, schwann cells

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15
Q

What is the main function of astrocytes?

A

Forms brain-blood barrier

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16
Q

What is the main function of the microglia?

A

Macrophages that consume microorganisms and dead neurons

17
Q

What is the function of the ependymal cells?

A

Form simple epithelium that lines hollow portions of brain and spinal cord (ventricles of brain)

18
Q

What is the main function of the oligodendrocytes in the CNS?

A

Forms the myelin sheaths

19
Q

What is the function of the satellite cells in the PNS?

A

Prevent “crossover” when many cell bodies are crowded together

20
Q

What is the function of the Schwann cells in the PNS?

A

Form myelin sheaths

21
Q

What is Saltatory Conduction?

A

Action potentials jump over the myelin, jumping from node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier

22
Q

What is Multiple Sclerosis?

A

Autoimmune disease where myelin is attacked in CNS

23
Q

What is a nerve?

A

In PNS, axons of sensory and motor neurons

24
Q

What is a nerve tract?

A

In CNS, axons of interneurons

25
Q

What is the structure of the CT around a nerve?

A

Endoneurium, Perineurium, Epineurium

26
Q

What is an axodendritic synapse?

A

Presynaptic axon to postsynaptic dendrite

27
Q

What is an axosomatic synapse?

A

Presynaptic axon to postsynaptic cell body

28
Q

What is an SSRI?

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: blocks uptake to let receptors get more serotonin

Human Anatomy (16 decks)

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