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Human Anatomy > Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics & Functions of Skeletal Muscle

A

Moves the skeleton; Under voluntary control; Multinucleated, long cylindrical fibers, striated

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2
Q

Characteristics & Functions of Cardiac Muscle

A

Only found in heart wall; involuntary control; striated

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3
Q

Characteristics & Functions of Smooth Muscle

A

Found in walls of hollow organs; involuntary control; no striations

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4
Q

What are the properties of Muscle Tissue?

A

Excitability, Extensibility, Contractility, Elasticity

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5
Q

What is excitability?

A

Property of muscle tissue where nerve signal excites the muscle, causing contraction

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6
Q

What is contractility?

A

A property of muscle that states when a muscle contracts, it shortens

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7
Q

What is extensibility?

A

A property of muscle that allows for the muscle to go back to resting length after contraction

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8
Q

What is Elasticity?

A

A property of muscle that allows a muscle to passively recoil and resume resting length after being stretched

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9
Q

What are the subunits of a whole muscle?

A

Fascicles

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10
Q

What are fascicles made of?

A

Muscle Fibers

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11
Q

What are the CT of muscles? Where are they found and what are they made of?

A

Epimysium: surrounds whole muscle (dense IR)
Perimysium: surrounds fascicles (Fibrous CT)
Endomysium: surrounds individual muscle fibers (Loose CT)

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12
Q

What are individual muscle fibers made of?

A

Myofibrils

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13
Q

What are the repeating units that make up a myofibril?

A

Sacromeres

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14
Q

What are the proteins that make up a sarcomere?

A

Myofilaments

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15
Q

What are the types of Myofilaments? And what are they made of?

A

Thick filament: myosin
Thin filament: Actin, Tropomyosin, Troponin
Elastic filament: Titin

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16
Q

Draw and Label the Parts of a sarcomere

A

I bands, A bands, H zones, M line

17
Q

During contraction, how do the striations of the sarcomere change?

A

I bands shorten, A bands remain the same, H zones disappear, Z discs remain the same

18
Q

What are T tubules?

A

Extensions of the sarcolemma that extend into muscle fiber; wrap around myofibrils; carry electrical stimulus to myofibrils

19
Q

What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum do?

A

Stores and releases calcium ions

20
Q

What is the Sliding Filament Theory?

A

During a contraction, actin and myosin filaments slide over each other

21
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

1 motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

22
Q

Motor units with more muscle fibers per motor unit are better for…

A

… powerful contractions

23
Q

What is the neuromuscular junction?

A

Where motor neuron meets muscle fiber; stimulation of muscle fiber can occur

24
Q

Characteristics & Functions of Parallel Muscles

A

Fascicles run parallel to axis of muscle; Tendon on either end; Longer fibers, can shorten more

25
Q

Characteristics & Functions of Pennate Muscles

A

Tendon runs whole length of muscle; Allows for more fibers, stronger

26
Q

Characteristics & Functions of Convergent Muscles

A

Fascicles converge into tendon at insertion

27
Q

Characteristics & Functions of Circular Muscles

A

Fascicles arranged in a ring; Sphincter muscles

28
Q

What are the different muscle attachments?

A

Origin: attachment site that is not moved during contraction
Insertion: attachment site that is moved when muscle shortens

29
Q

What is a direct muscle attachment?

A

Short, dense regular CT fibers connect muscle to bone

30
Q

What is an indirect muscle attachment?

A

Long, dense regular Ct fibers connect muscle to bone

31
Q

What is a synergist?

A

Muscles that work together to perform an action

32
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Muscles that perform opposite functions

33
Q

What is a prime mover/agonist?

A

Muscle that is primarily responsible for a movement

34
Q

What is a fixator?

A

A synergist that assists by holding a bone firmly in place to allow the prime mover to work more effectively

35
Q

What causes an increase in muscle strength and size?

A

With injury, satellite cells (immature cells) fuse with muscle fibers and proliferate. New satellite cells produce proteins that help repair the damaged muscle fibers

36
Q

What type of cellular junction allows cardiac muscle cells to contract in a coordinated fashion?

A

Gap Junction

37
Q

What are the 2 layers of smooth muscle? Where are they found?

A

Circular layer: closest to lumen of organ

Longitudinal layer: wraps around circular layer

Human Anatomy (16 decks)

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