The Integument

Question 1

Functions of the Integument

Answer 1

protection, help regulate temperature, excretion of wastes, synthesizes Vitamin D, sensory reception

Question 2

What are the epidermal cells?

Answer 2

Kertinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells, dendritic cells

Question 3

What are the epidermal layers?

Answer 3

Stratum spinosum, stratum basale, stratum corneum, stratum granulosum

Question 4

Characteristics of Stratum Spinosum

Answer 4

Deepest portion of epidermis, 1 layer; High mitotic activity

Question 5

Layers of the Dermis

Answer 5

Papillary Layer (superficial 20%) & Reticular Layer (deepest 80%)

Question 6

Characteristics & Function of Papillary Layer

Answer 6

Loose areolar CT; increase surface area to facilitate diffusion of nutrients to epidermis; Ridges are visible on palms, soles, and ends of digits

Question 7

Characteristics & Function of the Reticular Layer

Answer 7

Dense irregular CT; Collagen fibers offer strength

Question 8

What is the purpose of cleavage lines?

Answer 8

Offer strength to dermis in the direction of the collagen fibers

Question 9

Characteristics of the Hypodermis

Answer 9

Not part of the integument; Made of areolar and adipose CT; connects skin to underlying structures; offers protection

Question 10

What layer is burned in a first degree burn?

Answer 10

Only epidermis is damaged

Question 11

What layer(s) are damaged in a second degree burn?

Answer 11

Epidermis and upper part of dermis

Question 12

What layer(s) are damaged in a third degree burn?

Answer 12

Both epidermis and all of dermis

Question 13

What are the regions of a hair cell?

Answer 13

Root: below skin
Shaft: above skin

Question 14

What are the concentric layers of the hair?

Answer 14

Cuticle, cortex, medulla

Question 15

What is the root hair plexus?

Answer 15

A knot of sensory nerve endings wrapped around each hair bulb

Question 16

How is hair color produced?

Answer 16

Melanocytes on dermal papilla produce pigment granules that are added to the hair

Question 17

What is the arrector pili muscle?

Answer 17

Smooth muscle attached to hair follicle. (goose bumps)

Question 18

What are the two primary types of exocrine glands found in the skin?

Answer 18

Sebaceous (oil) glands, Sweat glands (eccrine and apocrine)

Question 19

What is sebum and where is it produced?

Answer 19

Oily substance that softens and lubricates skin and hair; produced in sebaceous glands

Question 20

What is the difference between Eccrine and Apocrine sweat glands?

Answer 20

Eccrine glands produce sweat that empties onto the body surface; Apocrine glands empty into hair follicles