Articulations Flashcards
What are the characteristics of a synarthrosis joint?
Immobile, mostly axial
what are the characteristics of an amphiarthrosis joint?
Slightly moveable, mostly axial
What are the characteristics of a diarthrosis joint?
freely moveable, mostly appendicular
What are the different types of joints based on structure?
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
What are the types of fibrous joints? How moveable are they? Give an example
Sutures: synarthrotic, in skull
Syndesmoses: amphiarthrotic, typically found between long bones
Gomphoses: synathrotic, periodontal ligaments attach tooth to bone of socket
What are the types of cartilaginous joints? How moveable are they? Give an example
Synchondroses: synarthrotic; hyaline cartilage, Ex: epiphyseal plates
Symphyses: amphiarthrotic; fibrocartilage, Ex: Intervertebral discs
What are the general characteristics of synovial joints?
Diarthrotic; ligaments, joint cavity, articular capsule
What is the articular capsule composed of?
Fibrous layer: dense IR CT, continuous with periosteum
Synovial membrane: Loose CT, vascular, produces synovial fluid
What is a bursa? What is its function?
“purse”; closed fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid; reduces friction as part move over each other
What is a tendon sheath?
An elongated bursa that wraps around tendons in high friction areas
What 4 types of movement can a synovial joint have?
Nonaxial: movement is not around a specific axis
Uniaxial: moves around one axis
Biaxial: moves around 2 axes
Multiaxial: moves around 3 or more axes
Characteristic & Example of a synovial plane joint
Nonaxial; gliding movement; Intercarpal joints
Characteristic & Example of a synovial hinge joint
Uniaxial; flexion & extension; elbow
Characteristic & Example of a synovial pivot joint
Uniaxial; rotation movements; “No” motion of head
Characteristic & Example of a synovial condylar joint
Biaxial; flexion & extension and abduction & adduction; Knuckle joints
Characteristic & Example of a synovial saddle joint
Biaxial; flexion & extension and abduction & adduction; carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Characteristic & Example of a synovial ball-and-socket joint
Multiaxial; flexion & extension and abduction & adduction; shoulder and hip joints
What are the 2 joints of the knee? What type are they?
Femoropatellar: plane joint
Tibiofemoral: Bicondylar hinge joint
What are the ligaments of the tibiofemoral joint? What are their functions?
Tibial (medial) collateral: Precent medial movement of leg
Fibular (lateral) collateral: prevents lateral movement of leg
Anterior cruciate ligament: prevent tibia from sliding anteriorly
Posterior Cruciate Ligament: prevents posterior sliding of tibia
What is the difference in a sprain vs. a strain?
Sprain= ligament stretched or torn Strain= tendon/muscle stretched or torn
Characteristics of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Chronic inflammatory disorder; autoimmune: immune system attacks synovial membranes
Characteristics of Osteoarthritis
Mostly due to normal aging process; articular cartilage breaks down; resulting in bone to bone contact
What is Gout Arthritis?
High levels of uric acid in blood will precipitate out as crystals into synovial joints forming a tophus
