Articulations

Question 1

What are the characteristics of a synarthrosis joint?

Answer 1

Immobile, mostly axial

Question 2

what are the characteristics of an amphiarthrosis joint?

Answer 2

Slightly moveable, mostly axial

Question 3

What are the characteristics of a diarthrosis joint?

Answer 3

freely moveable, mostly appendicular

Question 4

What are the different types of joints based on structure?

Answer 4

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

Question 5

What are the types of fibrous joints? How moveable are they? Give an example

Answer 5

Sutures: synarthrotic, in skull
Syndesmoses: amphiarthrotic, typically found between long bones
Gomphoses: synathrotic, periodontal ligaments attach tooth to bone of socket

Question 6

What are the types of cartilaginous joints? How moveable are they? Give an example

Answer 6

Synchondroses: synarthrotic; hyaline cartilage, Ex: epiphyseal plates
Symphyses: amphiarthrotic; fibrocartilage, Ex: Intervertebral discs

Question 7

What are the general characteristics of synovial joints?

Answer 7

Diarthrotic; ligaments, joint cavity, articular capsule

Question 8

What is the articular capsule composed of?

Answer 8

Fibrous layer: dense IR CT, continuous with periosteum

Synovial membrane: Loose CT, vascular, produces synovial fluid

Question 9

What is a bursa? What is its function?

Answer 9

“purse”; closed fibrous sac lined with synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid; reduces friction as part move over each other

Question 10

What is a tendon sheath?

Answer 10

An elongated bursa that wraps around tendons in high friction areas

Question 11

What 4 types of movement can a synovial joint have?

Answer 11

Nonaxial: movement is not around a specific axis
Uniaxial: moves around one axis
Biaxial: moves around 2 axes
Multiaxial: moves around 3 or more axes

Question 12

Characteristic & Example of a synovial plane joint

Answer 12

Nonaxial; gliding movement; Intercarpal joints

Question 13

Characteristic & Example of a synovial hinge joint

Answer 13

Uniaxial; flexion & extension; elbow

Question 14

Characteristic & Example of a synovial pivot joint

Answer 14

Uniaxial; rotation movements; “No” motion of head

Question 15

Characteristic & Example of a synovial condylar joint

Answer 15

Biaxial; flexion & extension and abduction & adduction; Knuckle joints

Question 16

Characteristic & Example of a synovial saddle joint

Answer 16

Biaxial; flexion & extension and abduction & adduction; carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Question 17

Characteristic & Example of a synovial ball-and-socket joint

Answer 17

Multiaxial; flexion & extension and abduction & adduction; shoulder and hip joints

Question 18

What are the 2 joints of the knee? What type are they?

Answer 18

Femoropatellar: plane joint
Tibiofemoral: Bicondylar hinge joint

Question 19

What are the ligaments of the tibiofemoral joint? What are their functions?

Answer 19

Tibial (medial) collateral: Precent medial movement of leg
Fibular (lateral) collateral: prevents lateral movement of leg
Anterior cruciate ligament: prevent tibia from sliding anteriorly
Posterior Cruciate Ligament: prevents posterior sliding of tibia

Question 20

What is the difference in a sprain vs. a strain?

Answer 20

Sprain= ligament stretched or torn
Strain= tendon/muscle stretched or torn

Question 21

Characteristics of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 21

Chronic inflammatory disorder; autoimmune: immune system attacks synovial membranes

Question 22

Characteristics of Osteoarthritis

Answer 22

Mostly due to normal aging process; articular cartilage breaks down; resulting in bone to bone contact

Question 23

What is Gout Arthritis?

Answer 23

High levels of uric acid in blood will precipitate out as crystals into synovial joints forming a tophus