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Medical Terminology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Mechanical filtering process used to remove metabolic waste products from blood, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly

A

Dialysis

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2
Q

Solutions that conduct electricity, such as acids, bases, and salts (sodium, potassium)

A

Electrolytes

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3
Q

Sum off all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism

A

Metabolism

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4
Q

Symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

A

pH

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5
Q

Physicians who specialize in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the female and the male urinary systems

A

Urologists

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6
Q

Specializes in treating urinary problems involving the female reproductive system

A

Urogynecologist

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7
Q

Specializes in diagnosing and treating urinary problems in children

A

Pediatric urologist

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8
Q

A physician who specializes in the care of patients with diseases and conditions that affect the kidneys

A

Nephrologist

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9
Q

Remove waste products of metabolism from the blood by excreting them in the urine. Includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

A

Urinary system

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10
Q

Regulate the body’s tissue fluid and maintain a balance of electrolytes and an acid-base balance (pH) in the blood.

A

Kidneys

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11
Q

cyst/o; vesic/o

A

bladder

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12
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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13
Q

meat/o

A

opening, meatus

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14
Q

nephr/o; ren/o

A

kidney

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15
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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16
Q

ur/o; urin/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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17
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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18
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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19
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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20
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

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21
Q

-lysis

A

separation; destruction; loosening

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22
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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23
Q

-pexy

A

fixation (of an organ)

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24
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse, downward displacement

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25
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

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26
Q

-uria

A

urine

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27
Q

an-

A

without, not

28
Q

poly-

A

many, much

29
Q

supra-

A

above; excessive; superior

30
Q

Increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine

A

azoturia

31
Q

Bulging of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina as a result of weakening of supportive tissue between the bladder and the vagina; also called prolapsed bladder

A

cystocele

32
Q

Increased formation and secretion of urine

A

diuresis

33
Q

Painful or difficult urination, typically caused by urinary tract condition, such as cystitis

A

dysuria

34
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluids in the cells, tissues, or other parts of the body that may be a sign of kidney failure or other disease

A

edema

35
Q

Kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter blood and eventually requires dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; also called chronic renal failure (CRF)

A

end-stage renal disease (ESRD)

36
Q

Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established; also called night-time bed-wetting or nocturnal enuresis

A

enuresis

37
Q

Abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

A

hypospadias

38
Q

Form of nephritis in which pathological changes in renal interstitial tissue result in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function

A

interstitial nephritis

39
Q

Formation of calculi in the kidney that results when substances that are normally dissolved in the urine (such as calcium and acid salts) solidify

A

nephrolithiasis

40
Q

High blood pressure that results from kidney disease

A

renal hypertension

41
Q

Elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood; also called azotemia

A

uremia

42
Q

Infection of the kidneys, ureters, or bladder by microorganisms that either ascend from the urethra or spread to the kidney from the bloodstream

A

urinary tract infection (UTI)

43
Q

Malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5, and includes common early signs such as hypertension, a palpable mass, pain, and hematuria

A

Wilms tumor

44
Q

Laboratory test that measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste product) in the blood and demonstrates the kidneys’ ability to filter urea from the blood for excretion in urine

A

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

45
Q

Laboratory test that isolates and grows colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective for combating an infection

A

culture & sensitivity (C&S)

46
Q

Radiographic examination to determine the location, size, shape, and possible malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

47
Q

Radiographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and, usually, the bladder after injection of a contrast agent

A

pyelography

48
Q

Radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract

A

intravenous pyelography (IVP)

49
Q

Radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and ureters to provide detailed visualization of the urinary structures and to locate urinary tract obstruction

A

retrograde pyelography (RP)

50
Q

Nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape through measurement of a radioactive substance injected intravenously that concentrates in the kidney

A

renal scan

51
Q

Physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of urine

A

urinalysis

52
Q

Radiography of the bladder and urethra during the process of voiding urine after filling the bladder with a contrast medium

A

voiding cystourethrography

53
Q

Insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid, most commonly through the urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine

A

catheterization

54
Q

Insertion of a rigid or flexible cystoscope through the urethra to examine the urinary bladder, obtain biopsy specimens of tumors or other growths, and remove polyps

A

cystoscopy (cysto)

55
Q

Method of removing stones by crushing them into smaller pieces so that they can be expelled in the urine

A

lithotripsy

56
Q

Use of powerful sound wave vibrations to break up stones in the kidney

A

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

57
Q

Surgical procedure that involves a small incision in the skin and insertion of an endoscope into the kidney to remove a renal calculus

A

nephrolithotomy

58
Q

Organ transplant of a kidney in a patient with end-stage renal disease

A

renal transplantation

59
Q

Insertion of a thin tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney

A

ureteral stent

60
Q

Treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes

A

antibiotics

61
Q

Decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder (caused by UTIs and catheterization) by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, allowing normal emptying of the bladder

A

antispamodics

62
Q

Block reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, increasing the amount of salt and water excreted in the urine (causes reduction of fluid retained in the body and prevents edema)

A

diuretics

63
Q

An excessive accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis as a result of obstruction of a ureter

A

Hydronephrosis

64
Q

The main cause of urinary tract obstruction leading to hydronephrosis is a stone or ___________

A

stricture

65
Q

A urinary obstruction in the proximal part of the ureter caused by a stone (calculus)

A

hydroureter

66
Q

Involves passing the blood through an artificial kidney for filtering out impurities

A

hemodialysis

67
Q

Introducing fluid into the abdomen through a catheter

A

Peritoneal dialysis

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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