Urinary System Flashcards
Mechanical filtering process used to remove metabolic waste products from blood, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly
Dialysis
Solutions that conduct electricity, such as acids, bases, and salts (sodium, potassium)
Electrolytes
Sum off all physical and chemical changes that take place within an organism
Metabolism
Symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance
pH
Physicians who specialize in diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the female and the male urinary systems
Urologists
Specializes in treating urinary problems involving the female reproductive system
Urogynecologist
Specializes in diagnosing and treating urinary problems in children
Pediatric urologist
A physician who specializes in the care of patients with diseases and conditions that affect the kidneys
Nephrologist
Remove waste products of metabolism from the blood by excreting them in the urine. Includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.
Urinary system
Regulate the body’s tissue fluid and maintain a balance of electrolytes and an acid-base balance (pH) in the blood.
Kidneys
cyst/o; vesic/o
bladder
glomerul/o
glomerulus
meat/o
opening, meatus
nephr/o; ren/o
kidney
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ur/o; urin/o
urine, urinary tract
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
-emia
blood condition
-iasis
abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
-lysis
separation; destruction; loosening
-pathy
disease
-pexy
fixation (of an organ)
-ptosis
prolapse, downward displacement
-tripsy
crushing
-uria
urine
an-
without, not
poly-
many, much
supra-
above; excessive; superior
Increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine
azoturia
Bulging of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina as a result of weakening of supportive tissue between the bladder and the vagina; also called prolapsed bladder
cystocele
Increased formation and secretion of urine
diuresis
Painful or difficult urination, typically caused by urinary tract condition, such as cystitis
dysuria
Abnormal accumulation of fluids in the cells, tissues, or other parts of the body that may be a sign of kidney failure or other disease
edema
Kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter blood and eventually requires dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; also called chronic renal failure (CRF)
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established; also called night-time bed-wetting or nocturnal enuresis
enuresis
Abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis
hypospadias
Form of nephritis in which pathological changes in renal interstitial tissue result in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function
interstitial nephritis
Formation of calculi in the kidney that results when substances that are normally dissolved in the urine (such as calcium and acid salts) solidify
nephrolithiasis
High blood pressure that results from kidney disease
renal hypertension
Elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood; also called azotemia
uremia
Infection of the kidneys, ureters, or bladder by microorganisms that either ascend from the urethra or spread to the kidney from the bloodstream
urinary tract infection (UTI)
Malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5, and includes common early signs such as hypertension, a palpable mass, pain, and hematuria
Wilms tumor
Laboratory test that measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste product) in the blood and demonstrates the kidneys’ ability to filter urea from the blood for excretion in urine
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Laboratory test that isolates and grows colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and to determine which drugs might be effective for combating an infection
culture & sensitivity (C&S)
Radiographic examination to determine the location, size, shape, and possible malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)
Radiographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and, usually, the bladder after injection of a contrast agent
pyelography
Radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract
intravenous pyelography (IVP)
Radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and ureters to provide detailed visualization of the urinary structures and to locate urinary tract obstruction
retrograde pyelography (RP)
Nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape through measurement of a radioactive substance injected intravenously that concentrates in the kidney
renal scan
Physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis of urine
urinalysis
Radiography of the bladder and urethra during the process of voiding urine after filling the bladder with a contrast medium
voiding cystourethrography
Insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid, most commonly through the urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine
catheterization
Insertion of a rigid or flexible cystoscope through the urethra to examine the urinary bladder, obtain biopsy specimens of tumors or other growths, and remove polyps
cystoscopy (cysto)
Method of removing stones by crushing them into smaller pieces so that they can be expelled in the urine
lithotripsy
Use of powerful sound wave vibrations to break up stones in the kidney
extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
Surgical procedure that involves a small incision in the skin and insertion of an endoscope into the kidney to remove a renal calculus
nephrolithotomy
Organ transplant of a kidney in a patient with end-stage renal disease
renal transplantation
Insertion of a thin tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney
ureteral stent
Treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes
antibiotics
Decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder (caused by UTIs and catheterization) by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, allowing normal emptying of the bladder
antispamodics
Block reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, increasing the amount of salt and water excreted in the urine (causes reduction of fluid retained in the body and prevents edema)
diuretics
An excessive accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis as a result of obstruction of a ureter
Hydronephrosis
The main cause of urinary tract obstruction leading to hydronephrosis is a stone or ___________
stricture
A urinary obstruction in the proximal part of the ureter caused by a stone (calculus)
hydroureter
Involves passing the blood through an artificial kidney for filtering out impurities
hemodialysis
Introducing fluid into the abdomen through a catheter
Peritoneal dialysis
