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Medical Terminology > Special senses: Eyes and Ears > Flashcards

Special senses: Eyes and Ears Flashcards

1
Q

Opacity of the lens of the eye, usually occurring as a result of aging, trauma, metabolic disease, or the adverse effect of certain medications or chemicals

A

Cataract

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2
Q

Procedure in which a damaged cornea is replaced by the cornea from the eye of a human cadaver; also known as keratoplasty

A

cornea transplantation

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3
Q

Eye disease in which increased eyeball pressure causes gradual loss of sight

A

glaucoma

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4
Q

Pertaining to the eye or sense of sight

A

ocular

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5
Q

Surgery to correct myopia, or nearsightedness, by changing the shape of the cornea (transparent part of the eye that covers the iris and pupil)

A

radial keratotomy

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6
Q

Condition in which breathing stops for more than 10 seconds during sleep

A

sleep apnea

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7
Q

Medical specialty associated with the eyes, the organs of sight

A

Ophthalmology

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8
Q

Medical specialty associated with the ears, the organs of hearing

A

Otolaryngology

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9
Q

The branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders

A

Ophthalmology

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10
Q

The medical specialist in ophthalmology

A

Ophthalmologist

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11
Q

Specialize in providing corrective lenses for the eyes

A

Optometrist and Optician

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12
Q

The oldest medical specialty in the United States. Medical and surgical management of patients with disorders of the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) and related structures of the head and neck

A

Otolaryngology

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13
Q

Specialists in the practice of otolaryngology. Treat disorders related to the sinuses, including allergies and disorders of the sense of smell

A

ENT physicians or otolaryngologist

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14
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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15
Q

choroid/o

A

choroid

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16
Q

conjunctiv/o

A

conjunctiva

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17
Q

corne/o

A

cornea

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18
Q

cor/o; core/o; pupill/o

A

pupil

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19
Q

dacry/o; lacrim/o

A

tear; lacrimal apparatus (duct, sac, or gland)

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20
Q

dipl/o

A

double

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21
Q

irid/o

A

iris

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22
Q

kerat/o

A

horny tissues; hard; cornea

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23
Q

ocul/o; ophthalm/o

A

eye

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24
Q

opt/o

A

eye, vision

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25
Q

retin/o

A

retina

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26
Q

acous/o; audi/o; audit/o

A

hearing

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27
Q

myring/o; tympan/o

A

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

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28
Q

ot/o

A

ear

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29
Q

sapling/o

A

tube (usually fallopian or eustacian [auditory] tubes)

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30
Q

-acusis; -cusis

A

hearing

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31
Q

-opia; -opsia

A

vision

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32
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse, downward displacement

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33
Q

exo-

A

outside, toward

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34
Q

hyper-

A

excessive, above normal

35
Q

Congenital deficiency in color perception that is more common in men; also called color blindness

A

achromatopsia

36
Q

Refractive disorder in which excessive curvature of the cornea or lens causes light to be scattered over the retina, rather than focused on a single point, resulting in a distorted image

A

astigmatism

37
Q

Degenerative disease that is due mainly to the aging process in which the lens of the eye becomes progressively cloudy, causing decreased vision, and that is treated with cataract surgery (phacoemulsification)

38
Q

Inflammation of the conjuctiva that can be caused by bacteria, allergy, irritation, or a foreign body; also called pinkeye

A

conjunctivitis

39
Q

Retinal damage in diabetic patients marked by aneurysmal dilation and bleeding of blood vessels or the formation or new blood vessels causing visual changes

A

diabetic retinopathy

40
Q

Small, purulent, inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; also called sty

41
Q

Deterioration of the macula, resulting in loss of central vision; most common cause of visual impairment in persons older than age 50

A

macular degeneration

42
Q

Unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light that occurs in disorders such as meningitis, eye inflammation, measles, and rubella

A

photophobia

43
Q

Separation of the retina from the choroid, which disrupts vision and results in blindness if not repaired

A

retinal detachment

44
Q

Muscular eye disorder in which the eyes turn from the normal position so that they deviate in different directions

A

strabismus

45
Q

Strabismus in which there is deviation of the visual axis of one eye away from that of the other, resulting in diplopia; also called wall-eye or divergent strabismus

46
Q

Loss of sense of perception of sound

A

hearing loss

47
Q

Total deafness (complete hearing loss)

48
Q

Results from any condition that prevents sound waves from being transmitted to the auditory receptors

A

conductive

49
Q

Hearing loss that gradually occurs in most individuals as they grow older

A

presbycusis

50
Q

Inability of nerve stimuli to be delivered to the brain from the inner ear as a result of damage to the auditory (acoustic) nerve or cochlea; also called nerve deafness

A

sensorineural

51
Q

Rare disorder characterized by progressive deafness, vertigo, and tinnitus, possibly secondary to swelling of membranous structures within the labyrinth

A

Meniere disease

52
Q

Inflammation of the middle ear, which is commonly the result of an upper respiratory infection (URI) and may be treated with tympanostomy tube insertion

A

otitis media (OM)

53
Q

Progressive deafness secondary to ossification in the bony labyrinth of the inner ear

A

otosclerosis

54
Q

Ringing or tinkling noise heard constantly or intermittently in one or both ears, even in a quiet environment, that usually results from damage to inner ear structures associated with hearing

55
Q

Sensation of moving around in space or a feeling of spinning or dizziness that usually results from inner ear structure damage associated with balance and equilibrium

56
Q

Test to measure the pressure inside the eyes (intraocular pressure); used to screen for glaucoma

57
Q

Standard eye examination to determine the smallest letters a person can read on a Snellen chart, or E chart, at a distance of 20 feet

A

visual acuity test

58
Q

Test that measures hearing acuity at various sound frequencies

A

audiometry

59
Q

Visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane using an otoscope

60
Q

Hearing tests that use a tuning fork (instrument that produces a constant pitch when struck) that is struck and then placed against or near the bones on the side of the head to asses nerve and bone conduction of sound

A

tuning fork test

61
Q

Evaluates bone conduction of sound in one ear at time

62
Q

Evaluates bone conduction of sound in both ears at the same time

63
Q

Excision of a lens affected by a cataract

A

cataract surgery

64
Q

Excision of the lens by ultrasonic vibrations that break the lens into tiny particles, which are suctioned out of eye; also called small incision cataract surgery (SICS)

A

phacoemulsification

65
Q

Excision of a portion of the iris used to relieve intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma

A

iridectomy

66
Q

Laser surgery that creates an opening on the rim of the iris to allow aqueous humor to flow between the anterior and posterior chambers to relieve intraocular pressure that occurs as a result of glaucoma; is replacing iridectomy because it is a safer procedure

A

laser iridotomy

67
Q

Use of a laser beam to seal leaking or hemorrhaging retinal blood vessels to treat diabetic retinopathy

A

laser photocoagulation

68
Q

Electronic transmitter surgically implanted into the cochlea of a deaf person to restore hearing

A

cochlear implant

69
Q

Process of flushing the external ear canal with sterile water or sterile saline solution to treat blockages of a foreign body or cerumen (ear wax) impaction

A

ear irrigation

70
Q

Surgical repair of a perforated eardrum with a tissue graft to correct hearing loss; also called tympanoplasty

A

myringoplasty

71
Q

Incision of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) to relieve pressure and drain fluid from the middle ear to insert tympanostomy tubes in the eardrum via surgery

A

myringotomy

72
Q

Reduce intraocular pressure by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor in the eyeball either by reducing its production or by increasing its outflow

A

antiglaucoma agents

73
Q

Cause the pupil to constrict

74
Q

Cause the pupil to dilate and prepare the eye for an internal examination

A

mydriatics

75
Q

Decrease sensitivity of the inner ear to motion and prevent nerve impulses from the inner ear from reaching the vomiting center of the brain

A

vertigo and motion sickness agents

76
Q

Loosen and help remove impacted cerumen (ear wax)

A

wax emulsifiers

77
Q

A condition in which the aqueous humor fails to drain properly and accumulates in the anterior chamber of the eye, causing elevated intraocular pressure (IOP)

78
Q

Two types of glaucoma

A

open-angle and closed-angle

79
Q

The most common type of glaucoma. Results from degenerative changes that cause congestion and reduce flow of aqueous humor through the canal of Schlemm

A

Open-angle glaucoma

80
Q

A medical emergency. Caused bye an anatomically narrow angle between the iris and the cornea, which prevents outflow of aqueous humor from the eye into the lymphatic system, causing a sudden increase in IOP

A

Closed-angle glaucoma

81
Q

Miotics

82
Q

Plastic cylinders surgically inserted into the eardrum to drain flood and equalize pressure between the middle and outer ear. Also known as ear tubes or pressure-equalizing (PE) tubes. Most commonly used in children who have recurrent ear infections that do not respond to antibiotics , or when fluid remains behind the eardrum

A

Tympanostomy tubes

83
Q

A small opening made in the eardrum

A

tympanostomy; myringotomy

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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