Nervous System Flashcards
Process of thought- including reasoning, judgment, and perception
Cognition
Electrical signal transmitted along the nerve fiber in response to a stimulus
nerve impulse
Chemicals in the brain that transmit messages between nerve cells (neuron)
neurotransmitters
Pertaining to the outside, surface, or surrounding area of an organ or structure or occurring away from its center
peripheral
Caused by or pertaining to an injury
traumatic
Pertaining to or composed of blood vessels
vascular
The branch of medicine concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the nervous system
Neurology
Includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
nervous system
Detects, diagnoses, and treats symptoms and disorders that indicate an impairment of any of these functions
Neurologist
The branch of surgery involving the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord
Neurosurgery
The physician who specializes in neurosurgery
Neurosurgeon
Two main divisions of the nervous system
Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Consists of the brain and spinal cord and is the control center of the body
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Consists of the peripheral nerves, which include the cranial nerves (emerging from the base of the skull) and the spinal nerves (emerging from the spinal cord)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
The two principal types of cells in the nervous system
Neurons and Neuroglia
The basic structural and functional units of the nervous system that carry electrical messages throughout the body
Neurons
Assist in transmitting messages between neurons
Neurotransmitters
Perform the functions of support and protection. Some form a supporting network by twining around nerve cells or lining certain structures in the brain and spinal cord. Others bind nervous tissue to supporting structures and attach the neurons to their blood vessels.
Neuroglia
Cerebr/o
cerebrum
encephal/o
brain
gli/o
glue, neuroglial tissue
mening/o; meningi/o
meniges (membranes covering brain and spinal cord)
myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord
neuro/o
nerve
-lepsy
seizure
-phasia
speech
dys-
bad, painful, difficult
hemi-
one half
para-
near; beside; beyond