Blood, lymphatic, and immune systems Flashcards
Substances that, when entering the body, prompts the generation of antibodies, causing an immune response
Antigen
Type of immune response by the body against its own cells or tissues
Autoimmune
Microscopic blood vessels that connect the ends of the smallest arteries (arterioles) with the smallest veins (venules) of the circulatory system
Capillaries
Production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow
Hematopoiesis
Defense function of the body that protects it against invading pathogens, foreign tissues, and malignancies
Immune response
Decreased or compromised ability to fight disease or a condition resulting from a defective immune mechanism
immunodeficiency
Fluid between cells and in tissue spaces
interstitial fluid
Type of white blood cell (WBC) found in the lymph nodes, spleen, bloodstream, and lymph that functions in the body’s immune system by recognizing and deactivating foreign substances (antigens)
lymphocyte
Large WBCs formed in the bone marrow that circulate in the bloodstream and destroy pathogenic bacteria through phagocytosis
monocytes
Branch of medicine concerned with the study of cancerous growths (malignancies)
oncology
Any microorganism capable of producing disease
pathogens
Collection of blood or a blood component from a donor followed by its infusion into a recipient
transfusion
The study of the blood and blood-forming tissues and the diseases associated with these tissues
Hematology
Physicians who specialize in the study and treatment of blood and blood disorders
Hematologist
The study of the body’s protection from invading organisms and its responses to them
Immunology
A medical specialist who studies and treats the body’s defense mechanism against invasion of foreign substances that cause disease
Immunologist
The two main components of blood are _________ and ____________, such as erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets (clotting cells)
plasma/formed elements
The four main blood types
A, B, AB, and O
A person with type “___” blood is a universal donor
Type O
A person with type “____” blood is a universal recipient because it has no antibodies against the other blood types
AB
When antigens are present on RBCs, the blood type is further classified as _________
Rh+
When these antigens are not present, the blood type is classified as _______
Rh-
Consists of lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and three organs: the tonsils, thymus, and spleen
Lymphatic system
Thin-walled vessels that absorb most interstitial fluid from the interstitial spaces
Lymph capillaries
Lymphatic tissue
Lymph nodes
agglutin/o
clumping, gluing
embol/o
embolus (plug)
erythr/o
red
hem/o; hemat/o
blood
leuk/o
white
myel/o
bone marrow; spinal cord
thromb/o
blood clot
ven/o
vein
aden/o
gland
immun/o
immune, immunity, safe
lymph/o
lymph
lymphaden/o
lymph gland (node)
lymphangi/o
lymph vessel
phag/o
swallowing, eating
splen/o
spleen
thym/o
thymus gland
-emia
blood condition
-phage
swallowing, eating
-phylaxis
protection
-poiesis
formation; production
-stasis
standing still
macro-
large
micro-
small
mono-
one
Blood disorder characterized by a deficiency of red blood cell production and hemoglobin, increased red blood cell destruction, or blood loss
anemia
Failure of bone marrow to produce stem cells because it has beed damaged by disease, cancer, radiation, or chemotherapy drugs; rare but serious from of anemia
aplastic
Deficiency of erythrocytes resulting from inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body, which plays a vital role in hematopoiesis
pernicious
Group of hereditary anemias caused by an inability to produce hemoglobin; usually seen in people of Mediterranean origin
thalassemia
Group of hereditary bleeding disorders characterized by a deficiency of one of the factors necessary for coagulation of blood
hemophilia
Malignant disease of bone marrow characterized by excessive production of leukocytes
leukemia
Transmissible infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and associated with suppression of the immune system; characterized by increasing susceptibility to infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases
acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Malignant disease originating in the lymphocytes (part of the body’s immune system) that occurs most often in young adults and characterized by the presence of unique Reed-Sternberg cells (malignant cells) in the lymph nodes; also called Hodgkin disease
Hodgkin lymphoma
Any of a group of diseases caused by a defect in the immune system and generally characterized by susceptibility to infections and chronic diseases
immunodeficiency disease
Malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat, muscle, and fibrous tissue, that is commonly fatal (because the tumors readily metastasize to various organs) and closely associated with AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma
Inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection
lymphadenitis
Debilitating condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling, caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system that prevents lymph fluid in the upper limbs from draining adequately
lymphedema
Acute infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes
mononucleosis
Malignant disease fo bone marrow plasma cells (antibody-producing B lymphocytes)
multiple myeloma
A group of more than 20 different types of lymphomas (except Hodgkins lymphoma) that occur in older adults but are not characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells (malignant cells)
non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Any infection that results from a defective immune system that cannot defend against pathogens normally found in the environment
opportunistic infection
Sudden loss of neurological function, caused by vascular injury (loss of blood flow) to an area of the brain; also known as CV A
stroke
Removal of a small amount of tissue (bone marrow biopsy) to diagnose blood disorders (e.g., anemias), cancers, or infections diseases of to gather cells for later infusion into a patient (bone marrow transplantation)
bone marrow aspiration
Series of blood tests to determine general heath status as well as screening for infection, anemias, and other diseases
complete blood count (CBC)
Test to screen blood for presence of HIV antibodies or for other disease causing substances
ELISA
Radiographic examination of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels after an injection of a contrast medium to view the path of lymph flow as it moves into the chest region
Lymphangiography
Technique used to determine the histocompatibility of tissues; used in grafts and transplants with the recipient’s tissues and cells; also known as histocompatibility testing
Tissue typing
Test to detect presence of viral DNA in the blood and used to confirm the diagnosis of AIDS as well as detecting other viruses
Western blot
Administration of whole blood or a component, such as packed red cells, to replace blood lost through trauma, surgery, or disease
blood transfusion
Diseased bone marrow is destroyed by irradiation and chemotherapy and replaced from a healthy donor to stimulate production of normal blood cells; used to treat aplastic anemia, leukemia, and certain cancers
bone marrow transplant
Removal of a lymph vessel
lymphangiectomy
Prevent or delay blood coagulation
anticoagulants
Vaccination or injection of immune globulins to induce immunity to a particular infectious disease
immunizations
Suppress the immune response to prevent organ rejection after transplantation or slow the progression of autoimmune disease
immunosuppressants
Dissolve a blood clot
thrombolytics
Introduction of altered antigens (viruses or bacteria) into the body to produce an immune response and protect against disease
vaccinations
A hereditary form of anemia in which there is a deficiency of healthy RBCs to carry adequate oxygen throughout the body.
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle cell of anemia is highest among _______ Americans and people of ____________ ancestry
African/Mediterranean
An autoimmune disease characterized by unusual antibodies in the blood that inflame and damage connective tissues anywhere in the body; also called lupus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
