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Medical Terminology > Blood, lymphatic, and immune systems > Flashcards

Blood, lymphatic, and immune systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Substances that, when entering the body, prompts the generation of antibodies, causing an immune response

A

Antigen

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2
Q

Type of immune response by the body against its own cells or tissues

A

Autoimmune

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3
Q

Microscopic blood vessels that connect the ends of the smallest arteries (arterioles) with the smallest veins (venules) of the circulatory system

A

Capillaries

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4
Q

Production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow

A

Hematopoiesis

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5
Q

Defense function of the body that protects it against invading pathogens, foreign tissues, and malignancies

A

Immune response

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6
Q

Decreased or compromised ability to fight disease or a condition resulting from a defective immune mechanism

A

immunodeficiency

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7
Q

Fluid between cells and in tissue spaces

A

interstitial fluid

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8
Q

Type of white blood cell (WBC) found in the lymph nodes, spleen, bloodstream, and lymph that functions in the body’s immune system by recognizing and deactivating foreign substances (antigens)

A

lymphocyte

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9
Q

Large WBCs formed in the bone marrow that circulate in the bloodstream and destroy pathogenic bacteria through phagocytosis

A

monocytes

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10
Q

Branch of medicine concerned with the study of cancerous growths (malignancies)

A

oncology

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11
Q

Any microorganism capable of producing disease

A

pathogens

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12
Q

Collection of blood or a blood component from a donor followed by its infusion into a recipient

A

transfusion

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13
Q

The study of the blood and blood-forming tissues and the diseases associated with these tissues

A

Hematology

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14
Q

Physicians who specialize in the study and treatment of blood and blood disorders

A

Hematologist

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15
Q

The study of the body’s protection from invading organisms and its responses to them

A

Immunology

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16
Q

A medical specialist who studies and treats the body’s defense mechanism against invasion of foreign substances that cause disease

A

Immunologist

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17
Q

The two main components of blood are _________ and ____________, such as erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and platelets (clotting cells)

A

plasma/formed elements

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18
Q

The four main blood types

A

A, B, AB, and O

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19
Q

A person with type “___” blood is a universal donor

A

Type O

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20
Q

A person with type “____” blood is a universal recipient because it has no antibodies against the other blood types

A

AB

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21
Q

When antigens are present on RBCs, the blood type is further classified as _________

A

Rh+

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22
Q

When these antigens are not present, the blood type is classified as _______

A

Rh-

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23
Q

Consists of lymph, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and three organs: the tonsils, thymus, and spleen

A

Lymphatic system

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24
Q

Thin-walled vessels that absorb most interstitial fluid from the interstitial spaces

A

Lymph capillaries

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25
Q

Lymphatic tissue

A

Lymph nodes

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26
Q

agglutin/o

A

clumping, gluing

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27
Q

embol/o

A

embolus (plug)

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28
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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29
Q

hem/o; hemat/o

A

blood

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30
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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31
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

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32
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

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33
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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34
Q

aden/o

A

gland

35
Q

immun/o

A

immune, immunity, safe

36
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

37
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph gland (node)

38
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

39
Q

phag/o

A

swallowing, eating

40
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

41
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

42
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

43
Q

-phage

A

swallowing, eating

44
Q

-phylaxis

A

protection

45
Q

-poiesis

A

formation; production

46
Q

-stasis

A

standing still

47
Q

macro-

A

large

48
Q

micro-

A

small

49
Q

mono-

A

one

50
Q

Blood disorder characterized by a deficiency of red blood cell production and hemoglobin, increased red blood cell destruction, or blood loss

A

anemia

51
Q

Failure of bone marrow to produce stem cells because it has beed damaged by disease, cancer, radiation, or chemotherapy drugs; rare but serious from of anemia

A

aplastic

52
Q

Deficiency of erythrocytes resulting from inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body, which plays a vital role in hematopoiesis

A

pernicious

53
Q

Group of hereditary anemias caused by an inability to produce hemoglobin; usually seen in people of Mediterranean origin

A

thalassemia

54
Q

Group of hereditary bleeding disorders characterized by a deficiency of one of the factors necessary for coagulation of blood

A

hemophilia

55
Q

Malignant disease of bone marrow characterized by excessive production of leukocytes

A

leukemia

56
Q

Transmissible infection caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and associated with suppression of the immune system; characterized by increasing susceptibility to infections, malignancies, and neurological diseases

A

acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

57
Q

Malignant disease originating in the lymphocytes (part of the body’s immune system) that occurs most often in young adults and characterized by the presence of unique Reed-Sternberg cells (malignant cells) in the lymph nodes; also called Hodgkin disease

A

Hodgkin lymphoma

58
Q

Any of a group of diseases caused by a defect in the immune system and generally characterized by susceptibility to infections and chronic diseases

A

immunodeficiency disease

59
Q

Malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat, muscle, and fibrous tissue, that is commonly fatal (because the tumors readily metastasize to various organs) and closely associated with AIDS

A

Kaposi sarcoma

60
Q

Inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually as a result of infection

A

lymphadenitis

61
Q

Debilitating condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling, caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system that prevents lymph fluid in the upper limbs from draining adequately

A

lymphedema

62
Q

Acute infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and characterized by a sore throat, fever, fatigue, and enlarged lymph nodes

A

mononucleosis

63
Q

Malignant disease fo bone marrow plasma cells (antibody-producing B lymphocytes)

A

multiple myeloma

64
Q

A group of more than 20 different types of lymphomas (except Hodgkins lymphoma) that occur in older adults but are not characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells (malignant cells)

A

non-Hodgkin lymphoma

65
Q

Any infection that results from a defective immune system that cannot defend against pathogens normally found in the environment

A

opportunistic infection

66
Q

Sudden loss of neurological function, caused by vascular injury (loss of blood flow) to an area of the brain; also known as CV A

A

stroke

67
Q

Removal of a small amount of tissue (bone marrow biopsy) to diagnose blood disorders (e.g., anemias), cancers, or infections diseases of to gather cells for later infusion into a patient (bone marrow transplantation)

A

bone marrow aspiration

68
Q

Series of blood tests to determine general heath status as well as screening for infection, anemias, and other diseases

A

complete blood count (CBC)

69
Q

Test to screen blood for presence of HIV antibodies or for other disease causing substances

A

ELISA

70
Q

Radiographic examination of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels after an injection of a contrast medium to view the path of lymph flow as it moves into the chest region

A

Lymphangiography

71
Q

Technique used to determine the histocompatibility of tissues; used in grafts and transplants with the recipient’s tissues and cells; also known as histocompatibility testing

A

Tissue typing

72
Q

Test to detect presence of viral DNA in the blood and used to confirm the diagnosis of AIDS as well as detecting other viruses

A

Western blot

73
Q

Administration of whole blood or a component, such as packed red cells, to replace blood lost through trauma, surgery, or disease

A

blood transfusion

74
Q

Diseased bone marrow is destroyed by irradiation and chemotherapy and replaced from a healthy donor to stimulate production of normal blood cells; used to treat aplastic anemia, leukemia, and certain cancers

A

bone marrow transplant

75
Q

Removal of a lymph vessel

A

lymphangiectomy

76
Q

Prevent or delay blood coagulation

A

anticoagulants

77
Q

Vaccination or injection of immune globulins to induce immunity to a particular infectious disease

A

immunizations

78
Q

Suppress the immune response to prevent organ rejection after transplantation or slow the progression of autoimmune disease

A

immunosuppressants

79
Q

Dissolve a blood clot

A

thrombolytics

80
Q

Introduction of altered antigens (viruses or bacteria) into the body to produce an immune response and protect against disease

A

vaccinations

81
Q

A hereditary form of anemia in which there is a deficiency of healthy RBCs to carry adequate oxygen throughout the body.

A

Sickle Cell Anemia

82
Q

Sickle cell of anemia is highest among _______ Americans and people of ____________ ancestry

A

African/Mediterranean

83
Q

An autoimmune disease characterized by unusual antibodies in the blood that inflame and damage connective tissues anywhere in the body; also called lupus

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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